The Book presents a brief account of the great higher learning Buddhist Institutions of Ancient India. Some of those flourished several centuries before the higher learning institutions of the then western world. The reader may have comprehensive ideas of the education imparted in those institutions during the long period of about 2,000 years beginning with the 5th century BC and ending with the 12th century AD. The Universities of ancient India do not connote all the features possessed by the modern Universities of the East and the West of present day. But those Universities of ancient India had also impressive teaching and research program. Many of the teachers of those universities were scholars of very high eminence and repute. In addition, there existed very ideal teacher-student relationship, which has no parallel in the long history of educational thought and practice. This book will enable the reader to compare the present institutions with those of ancient India and realize that the centers of high learning in ancient India were unique in their organization and scholarship during those distant times when elsewhere in the world very few had thought of organized education at the university level.