Biomedical Models and Resources

Biomedical Models and Resources
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 85
Release: 1998-02-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309060354

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Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 113
Release: 1988-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309038391

Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 348
Release: 2000-12-21
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0309070864

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.

Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research

Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research
Author: P. Michael Conn
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 756
Release: 2008
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1588299333

The collection of systems represented in Sourcebook of genomic programs, although this work is certainly well Models for Biomedical Research is an effort to re?ect the represented and indexed. diversity and utility of models that are used in biomedicine. Some models have been omitted due to page limitations That utility is based on the consideration that observations and we have encouraged the authors to use tables and made in particular organisms will provide insight into the ? gures to make comparisons of models so that observations workings of other, more complex, systems. Even the cell not available in primary publications can become useful to cycle in the simple yeast cell has similarities to that in the reader. humans and regulation with similar proteins occurs. We thank Richard Lansing and the staff at Humana for Some models have the advantage that the reproductive, guidance through the publication process. mitotic, development or aging cycles are rapid compared As this book was entering production, we learned of the with those in humans; others are utilized because individual loss of Tom Lanigan, Sr. Tom was a leader and innovator proteins may be studied in an advantageous way and that in scienti?c publishing and a good friend and colleague to have human homologs. Other organisms are facile to grow all in the exploratory enterprise. We dedicate this book to in laboratory settings or lend themselves to convenient analy- his memory. We will miss him greatly.

International Animal Research Regulations

International Animal Research Regulations
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 102
Release: 2012-06-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309252113

Animals are widely used in neuroscience research to explore biological mechanisms of nervous system function, to identify the genetic basis of disease states, and to provide models of human disorders and diseases for the development of new treatments. To ensure the humane care and use of animals, numerous laws, policies, and regulations are in place governing the use of animals in research, and certain animal regulations have implications specific to neuroscience research. To consider animal research regulations from a global perspective, the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the National Research Council and the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, held a workshop in Buckinghamshire, UK, July 26-27, 2011. The workshop brought together neuroscientists, legal scholars, administrators, and other key stakeholders to discuss current and emerging trends in animal regulations as they apply to the neurosciences. This document summarizes the workshop.

Cellular and Animal Models in Human Genomics Research

Cellular and Animal Models in Human Genomics Research
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2019-07-30
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 012816574X

Cellular and Animal Models in Human Genomics Research provides an indispensable resource for applying comparative genomics in the annotation of disease-gene associated variants that are identified by human genomic sequencing. The book presents a thorough overview of effective protocols for the use of cellular and animal modeling methods to turn lists of plausible genes into causative biomarkers. With chapters written by international experts, the book first addresses the fundamental aspects of using cellular and animal models in genetic and genomic studies, including in-depth examples of specific models and their utility, i.e., yeast, worms, flies, fish, mice and large animals. Protocols for properly conducting model studies, genomic technology, modeling candidate genes vs. genetic variants, integrative modeling, utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells, and employing CRISPR-Cas9 are also discussed in-depth. - Provides a thorough, accessible resource that helps researchers and students employ cellular and animal models in their own genetic and genomic studies - Offers guidance on how to effectively interpret the results and significance of genetic and genomic model studies for human health - Features chapters from international experts in the use of specific cellular and animal models, including yeast, worms, flies, fish, mice, and large animals, among other organisms

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 223
Release: 2003-08-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 030916785X

Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.

Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research

Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 123
Release: 2019-08-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309488516

The marmoset, a type of small monkey native to South America, is a research model of increasing importance for biomedical research in the United States and globally. Marmosets offer a range of advantages as animal models in neuroscience, aging, infectious diseases, and other fields of study. They may be particularly useful for the development of new disease models using genetic engineering and assisted reproductive technologies. However, concerns have been voiced with respect to the development of new marmoset-based models of disease, ethical considerations for their use, the supply of marmosets available for research, and gaps in guidance for their care and management. To explore and address these concerns, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use hosted a public workshop on October 22-23, 2018, in Washington, DC. The workshop focused on the availability of marmosets in the United States and abroad; animal welfare and ethical considerations stemming from the use of wildtype and genetically modified marmosets; and standards of housing and care, dietary needs, and feeding requirements for marmosets in captivity. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers

Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers
Author: Morteza Jalali
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2017-03-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 012803078X

Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers addresses the specific challenges faced by clinicians without a conventional science background. The aim of the book is to introduce the reader to core experimental methods commonly used to answer questions in basic science research and to outline their relative strengths and limitations in generating conclusive data. This book will be a vital companion for clinicians undertaking laboratory-based science. It will support clinicians in the pursuit of their academic interests and in making an original contribution to their chosen field. In doing so, it will facilitate the development of tomorrow's clinician scientists and future leaders in discovery science. - Serves as a helpful guide for clinical researchers who lack a conventional science background - Organized around research themes pertaining to key biological molecules, from genes, to proteins, cells, and model organisms - Features protocols, techniques for troubleshooting common problems, and an explanation of the advantages and limitations of a technique in generating conclusive data - Appendices provide resources for practical research methodology, including legal frameworks for using stem cells and animals in the laboratory, ethical considerations, and good laboratory practice (GLP)

Advances in Animal Experimentation and Modeling

Advances in Animal Experimentation and Modeling
Author: Ranbir Chander Sobti
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 504
Release: 2021-12-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323910440

Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena updates our knowledge about the newer technologies such as molecular biology, genomics including sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics, cell culture, stem cell culture, transgenesis and their translation to understand systematics and phylogeny of laboratory animals at molecular level. In seven sections Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena resolves issues of conservation, applications in environment monitoring, production of drugs and others. Comparative research has enabled use of domestic animal models that translate the advances in basic biosciences to the schemes for human welfare including medicine. Molecular geneticists are unravelling the complexities of mammalian genes and the field of biotechnology is maturing at a fast pace. Additionally, research focused on immunology and animal behavior offer new insight into ways of enhancing animal welfare. The rise in consumption of animal proteins in addition to the challenges of sustaining our natural resources has given animal scientists a vast array of opportunities to engage in integrative systems-based research for meeting the challenges that behold us. Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena also discusses the manipulation of animals as factories for the production of safe foods, drugs, and sensors and others to meet the contemporary challenges faced by mankind in the new world order created by pandemic of Covid 19. It also includes several chapters on the causation and management of certain diseases and impact of microbes on life. - Provides insight to newer and futuristic technologies to understand disease process and drug design by animal models - Addresses a wide variety of species and covers a wide variety of topics (such as animal species, the laboratory setting, regulatory guidelines, and ethical considerations) to fully prepare for work with all types of animals - Gives a perspective on laboratory animal use that allows to explain the benefits of animal use as required by veterinary technology program accreditation procedure - Includes examples of animal bio-technological techniques (including stem cell and tissue engineering) for their applications to humanity - Offers new insight into ways of enhancing animal welfare by the inclusion of research results focused on immunology and laboratory animal behavior