The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2251 et seq.; Act of January 12, 1951, C. 1228; 64 Stat. 1245), upon which the authority of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) rests, has been amended 34 times in the past 37 years. While some of these amendments have been routine reauthorizations, many reflect an evolving view of the Federal role in civil defense, and the nature of dangers that threaten the safety and security of all Americans. Among the issues addressed by Congress over the years in these regards are the following: *Joint Federal-State Responsibility for Civil Defense. *Dual Use--Use of Joint Structure for Other Disasters.