Lagrangian Observations Of Nonlinear Internal Waves And Turbulence Mixing In Luzon Strait And South China Sea And Internal Wave In The Vicinity Of The Kuroshio Path
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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 22 |
| Release | : 2008 |
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Two related projects were funded sequentially under the same grant number. The first was to conduct an experiment near DongSha Island, using the Lagrangian float, to understand the energy cascade from barotropic tides, internal tides, nonlinear internal waves, to turbulence mixing in the northern South China Sea. Results are reported. The second was to analyze observations of data taken in the vicinity of the Kuroshio path from Luzon Strait to the southern East China Sea. Results are reported.
| Author | : Robert Libman Zalkan |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 158 |
| Release | : 1968 |
| Genre | : Internal waves |
| ISBN | : |
Observations of high frequency internal waves were made from 1 to 14 December 1966, in the deep sea off Baja, California. The fluctuations of the depth of an isotherm were measured with a three-element horizontal array attached to a stable platform. The waves are characterized as a broad band phenomenon with a continuous distribution in frequency. For short intervals of time, a narrow frequency band within the continuum is adequately described as a horizontally plane wave of a single vertical mode. Furthermore, this simplified structure is stationary over time spans of several days. High modes are present in the low frequency waves. Above 4 cycles per hour, however, the first mode predominates. The spectral shape is consistent with the shear limited equilibrium spectrum proposed by Phillips (1966). In addition, the predominance of the first mode at high frequencies further emphasizes the importance of shear instability in internal wave propagation. The horizontal properties of the wave field indicate well-defined directions of narrow-band propagation. These directions and the dispersive properties of the propagation have led to the identification of local topographic features in generating areas of internal waves. (Author).
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| Total Pages | : 9 |
| Release | : 2009 |
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The objective of this grant is to improve understanding of how the large-amplitude internal waves and tides in the northeastern South China Sea are generated via interaction of the barotropic tide with the ridges and islands in the Luzon Strait. In addition to the problem's inherent scientific interest, understanding the generation problem is essential for developing a forecast model to predict the wave characteristics in the deep basin and on the Chinese continental slope and shelf. The approach is to analyze two data sets obtained in the South China Sea in the context of large amplitude, nonlinear internal wave theory. The data sets were obtained during the Windy Islands Soliton Experiment / Variability Around the Northern South China Sea (WISE/VANS) experiment from April 2005 to June 2006 and the Nonlinear Internal Wave Investigation (NLIWI) from April to July 2007. Maximal effort during this work period focused on writing up the WISE/VANS data for publication, with emphasis on the seasonal climatology of wave occurances. We also collaborated frequently with Oliver Fringer and PhD student Zhonghua Zhang at Stanford to understand the SUNTANS numerical model runs.
| Author | : Andy I. Pickering |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2014 |
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| ISBN | : |
A collection of field experiments and model simulations are used to investigate the spatial and temporal aspects of internal waves, with a focus on near-inertial waves and internal tides. First, the near-inertial wave field in the North Pacific is investigated using an array of 5 profiling moorings and shipboard ADCP transects. The ship transects reveal the horizontal structure of near-inertial shear, which is coherent over large distances (~ 80 km) and exhibits a change in character crossing 28.9°N. Second, the spatial structure of internal tidal beams is studied with repeated shipboard ADCP transects across Kaena Ridge, Hawaii. Harmonic fits are used to isolate the M2 component of velocity, revealing a beam structure that compares well with theoretical ray paths and numerical simulations. Third, internal tides are investigated with moorings deployed in Luzon Strait, a major internal tide generation site with complex bathymetry and mesoscale variability. The coherence of internal tides over 4 spring-neap tidal cycles is quantified, and a model is used to diagnose the mechanisms responsible. Intrusions of the Kuroshio current shift large-scale patterns of internal tide pressure, leading to lower coherence and possibly affecting the wave field radiated from Luzon Strait. Finally, the turbulent mixing caused by tidal flow over topography in southern Luzon Strait is investigated with a profiling mooring and model simulations. Depth-integrated turbulent dissipation varies by an order of magnitude between spring and neap tides. Model simulations show that turbulence is due to the formation and breaking of lee waves. Dissipation varies for similar barotropic forcing over the 50 day record, suggesting that mesoscale variability is important in modulating mixing.
| Author | : Xueen Chen |
| Publisher | : Mdpi AG |
| Total Pages | : 126 |
| Release | : 2022-06 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9783036542133 |
Oceanic internal waves (IWs) at frequencies from local inertial (e.g., near-inertial internal waves) to buoyancy frequencies (nonlinear internal waves or internal solitary waves), sometimes including diurnal and semidiurnal tidal frequencies, play an important role in redistributing heat, momentum, materials, and energy via turbulent mixing. IWs are found ubiquitously in many seas, including East Asian marginal seas (Indonesian Seas, South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and East Sea or Japan Sea), significantly affecting underwater acoustics, coastal and offshore engineering, submarine navigation, biological productivity, and the local and global climate. Despite decades of study on the IWs in some regions, our understanding of the IWs in the East Asian marginal seas is still in a primitive state and the mechanisms underlying every stage (generation, propagation, evolution, and dissipation) of IWs are not always clear. This Special Issue includes papers related to all fields of both low- and high-frequency IW studies in the specified region, including remote sensing, in situ observations, theories, and numerical models.
| Author | : Jo Roberts |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 296 |
| Release | : 1975 |
| Genre | : Science |
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| Author | : S. A. Thorpe |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 496 |
| Release | : 2005-10-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781139445795 |
The subject of ocean turbulence is in a state of discovery and development with many intellectual challenges. This book describes the principal dynamic processes that control the distribution of turbulence, its dissipation of kinetic energy and its effects on the dispersion of properties such as heat, salinity, and dissolved or suspended matter in the deep ocean, the shallow coastal and the continental shelf seas. It focuses on the measurement of turbulence, and the consequences of turbulent motion in the oceanic boundary layers at the sea surface and near the seabed. Processes are illustrated by examples of laboratory experiments and field observations. The Turbulent Ocean provides an excellent resource for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as an introduction and general overview for researchers. It will be of interest to all those involved in the study of fluid motion, in particular geophysical fluid mechanics, meteorology and the dynamics of lakes.
| Author | : Bruce R. Sutherland |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 395 |
| Release | : 2010-09-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1316184323 |
The study of internal gravity waves provides many challenges: they move along interfaces as well as in fully three-dimensional space, at relatively fast temporal and small spatial scales, making them difficult to observe and resolve in weather and climate models. Solving the equations describing their evolution poses various mathematical challenges associated with singular boundary value problems and large amplitude dynamics. This book provides the first comprehensive treatment of the theory for small and large amplitude internal gravity waves. Over 120 schematics, numerical simulations and laboratory images illustrate the theory and mathematical techniques, and 130 exercises enable the reader to apply their understanding of the theory. This is an invaluable single resource for academic researchers and graduate students studying the motion of waves within the atmosphere and ocean, and also mathematicians, physicists and engineers interested in the properties of propagating, growing and breaking waves.
| Author | : P. Muller |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 310 |
| Release | : 1984 |
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Contents: Oceanic Shear Spectra from a Submarine; Towed Observations of Internal Waves and Patches of Fine-Scale Turbulence; The Transition from Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability to Turbulence; Internal Waves and Mixing in the Ocean: Observations and Speculations; Richardson Number Approach to Internal Wave Instability in the Ocean and Stratosphere; Recent Observations of Near-Inertial Frequency Internal Waves; The Wavenumber Frequency Spectrum of the Internal Wavefield; The Monthly Variability of the Upper-Ocean Internal Wave Energy: A Progress Report on the Correspondence with Wind Stress; Internal Wave Climatology: An Update; Estimates of Cross-Isopycnal Diffusivities from Climatological Hydrographic Data; Parameterizing the Effects of Internal Waves: Simple Ideas and Things We Need to Know; How Much Internal Wave Energy is Redistributed or Lost Through Bottom Reflection; Interaction of Internal Waves of Near-Inertial Frequencies; Transport of Small-Scale Internal Waves Toward Microstructure; Probing the Internal Wave Strong Interaction Regime by Numerical Experimentation; Small-Scale Vortical Motions; Stability of Inviscid Stratified Flows Under Nonlinear Perturbations; Closure for Turbulent Velocity/Pressure-Gradient Correlations in Nonuniform Flows; The Atmospheric Noise Spectrum-Waves or Stratified Turbulence?; New Directions in Internal Wave and Microstructure Research (reprinted from EOS).
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| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2004 |
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Large-amplitude internal solitary waves (ISWs) are frequently observed in the northern South China Sea (SCS). In a project sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research, four moorings were deployed between the Luzon Strait and the Chinese continental shelf by Steve Ramp of the Naval Postgraduate School and David Tang of National Taiwan University from late April 2005 to May 2006. Several CTD sections were taken during April and July in 2005. Satellite pictures were also collected during that period. In this study, these data were used to examine the characteristics, generation, and propagation of ISWs. In the satellite images, monthly change in stratification may cause northward shift of the propagation path, and ISWs are more frequently observed in July than in April and May. Speed estimation shows that ISWs propagate faster in the deep basin than over the continental margin and near the ridge. The generation of internal tides correlates with the eastward tidal flow over the ridge, while ISWs are produced by northwestward tidal currents over the ridges in the Luzon Strait.
