This document attempts to present an overview of Canada's current strategy regarding substance abuse issues. The strategy reflects a balance between reducing the supply of drugs and reducing the demand for drugs. Substances involved include alcohol, medications (both prescription and non-prescription), illicit drugs, inhalants, and banned and restricted performance-enhancing drugs as defined by the International Olympic Committee. The document first outlines the basic principles of the strategy, and its goals and objectives (primarily health-related). It then describes the components of the strategy's framework (research, knowledge development and dissemination, prevention programs, treatment and rehabilitation, legislation and enforcement/control, national co-ordination, international co-operation), and reviews future directions and priorities. Appendices include a historical context and a review of the current situation regarding substance use and abuse in Canada.