Kleine Philosophie der Naturwissenschaften
| Author | : Peter Janich |
| Publisher | : C.H.Beck |
| Total Pages | : 212 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9783406420030 |
Kleine Philosophie Der Naturwissenschaften
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Critical Thinking
| Author | : Dirk Jahn |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 206 |
| Release | : 2024-01-10 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 3658415436 |
Judgment and critical faculties are central concerns of many Western educational programs. However, the promotion of critical thinking requires specifically developed and didactically coherent concepts. This book therefore attempts to provide a philosophically and empirically sound as well as application-oriented introduction to the concept and didactics of critical thinking. Especially the higher education space is defined by critically questioning knowledge and practice and thereby producing new insights. Against the background of this task horizon, the theoretical foundations of critical thinking as well as didactic practice strategies for its promotion are conveyed in a low-threshold manner within the framework of the introductory volume, which can be adapted across subjects.
What Is Information?
| Author | : Peter Janich |
| Publisher | : U of Minnesota Press |
| Total Pages | : 230 |
| Release | : 2018-03-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1452957231 |
A novel way of looking at information challenges longstanding dogmas—from a preeminent German thinker It is widely agreed that we live in an “information age,” but what exactly is information? This small, seemingly facile question is in fact surprisingly difficult, and it has occupied many of the best philosophical minds of the modern age. In this wholly original addition to the quest to understand information, German philosopher Peter Janich argues that our understanding of information is based in the much broader history of scientific naturalism—the belief that science is a fundamental aspect of the world and not a human contrivance. His novel critique of this widespread dogma grounds science in human life practices and wrestles with the very fundamentals of the scientific way of understanding reality. Offering new perspectives on the major contemporary fields of communications technology, neurobiology, and artificial intelligence, What Is Information? provides a deep look into humanity in an information age. Its arguments show ways of reconciling the sciences and the humanities, shining new light on the relationship of science to the natural world.
Naturphilosophie
| Author | : Hans-Dieter Klein |
| Publisher | : Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften |
| Total Pages | : 152 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9783631394342 |
Band II des «Systems der Philosophie» wendet die in Band I ausgearbeiteten Grundlagen der Ontologie und Erkenntnistheorie interdisziplinär auf die Methoden und Ergebnisse der Naturwissenschaften an, legt also eine Naturphilosophie vor, welche bis in Details der anorganischen und organischen Wirklichkeit vorzudringen bemüht ist. Zugleich ergibt sich als Konsequenz aus der in Band I vorgenommenen Bestimmung der Relation von Philosophie und Theologie die Notwendigkeit, Natur als Gottes Schöpfung zu interpretieren. Der Band versucht, umfassend Antwort auf die Fragen zu finden: Warum gibt es in der Natur gerade die Gesetze und Entwicklungen, die wir vorfinden? Warum hat Gott die Natur gerade so geschaffen, wie er sie geschaffen hat?
On Human Nature
| Author | : Armin Grunwald |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 251 |
| Release | : 2013-04-17 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 3642500234 |
Modern molecular technology in the so-called life sciences (biology as weil as medicine) allows today to approach and manipulate living beings in ways and to an extent wh ich not too long aga seemed Utopian. The empirical progress promises further and even more radical developments in the future, and it is at least often claimed that this kind of research will have tremendeous etfects on and for all of humanity, for example in the areas of food production, transplantation medicine (including stem cell research and xenotransplantation), (therapeutic) genetic manipulation and (cell-line) cloning (of cell lines or tissues), and of biodiversity conservation-strategies. At least in Western, industrialized countries the development of modern sciences led to a steady increase of human health, well-being and quality of life. However, with the move to make the human body itself an object of scientific research interests, the respective scientific descriptions resulted in changes in the image that human beings have of themselves. Scientific progress has led to a startling loss of traditional human self-understanding. This development is in contrast to an under standing according to which the question what it means to be "human" is treated in the realm of philosophy. And indeed, a closer look reveals that - without denying the value of scientitic progress - science cannot replace the philosophical approach to anthropological questions.
On the Uniqueness of Humankind
| Author | : Hans-Rainer Duncker |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 132 |
| Release | : 2005-12-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3540271716 |
Biological and philosophical anthropologies of the 20th century keep emphasising the "Sonderstellung" of humans among the realm of living beings. However, it is not clear how this particular role should be characterised, how it should be reconciled with biological findings, and which theoretical and practical conclusions should be drawn from it. Partly in opposition to these anthropological views on humankind biological disciplines underline the extensive similarities and common characteristics between humans and other species. Apparently, these biological findings concur with the criticism of anthropocentrism, which is expressed in Western philosophy of nature and by ethicists. To discuss these issues the Europäische Akademie organized the conference "The Uniqueness of Humankind – Über die Sonderstellung des Menschen". The proceedings of the conference documented in this volume approached the theoretical and practical concept of the "Sonderstellung" against the background of present day knowledge in biosciences. Furthermore, by interdisciplinary efforts, an attempt was made to clarify those conceptual problems that arise with the idea of the uniqueness of humankind. The present volume partly takes up and further develops topics that have been raised by volume 15, On Human Nature, that was published in this series in 2002.
Sociality as the Human Condition
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : BRILL |
| Total Pages | : 341 |
| Release | : 2011-06-09 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9004191992 |
Examining recent experiments on human altruism in economics, this book offers a critique of naturalistic approaches to the phenomenon of human sociality. It draws on philosophical theories of social conflict and recognition, and on theological concepts of neighborly love.
Postmetaphysical Thinking II
| Author | : Jürgen Habermas |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 262 |
| Release | : 2017-06-16 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0745694934 |
‘There is no alternative to postmetaphysical thinking’: this statement, made by Jürgen Habermas in 1988, has lost none of its relevance. Postmetaphysical thinking is, in the first place, the historical answer to the crisis of metaphysics following Hegel, when the central metaphysical figures of thought began to totter under the pressure exerted by social developments and by developments within science. As a result, philosophy’s epistemological privilege was shaken to its core, its basic concepts were de-transcendentalized, and the primacy of theory over practice was opened to question. For good reasons, philosophy ‘lost its extraordinary status’, but as a result it also courted new problems. In Postmetaphysical Thinking II, the sequel to the 1988 volume that bears the same title (English translation, Polity 1992), Habermas addresses some of these problems. The first section of the book deals with the shift in perspective from metaphysical worldviews to the lifeworld, the unarticulated meanings and assumptions that accompany everyday thought and action in the mode of ‘background knowledge’. Habermas analyses the lifeworld as a ‘space of reasons’ – even where language is not (yet) involved, such as, for example, in gestural communication and rituals. In the second section, the uneasy relationship between religion and postmetaphysical thinking takes centre stage. Habermas picks up where he left off in 1988, when he made the far-sighted observation that ‘philosophy, even in its postmetaphysical form, will be able neither to replace nor to repress religion’, and explores philosophy’s new-found interest in religion, among other topics. The final section includes essays on the role of religion in the political context of a post-secular, liberal society. This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars in philosophy, religion and the social sciences and humanities generally.
Newton's Principia Revisited
| Author | : Michael Schmiechen |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 694 |
| Release | : 2009-10 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 3837053075 |
PROBLEM. The treatise is devoted to the reconstruction of our 'instinctive beliefs' in classical mechanics and to present them 'as much isolated and as free from irrelevant additions as possible'. The same motivation has driven many authors since the publication of Newton's Principia. IMPORTANCE. Classical mechanics will remain the basic reference and tool for mechanics on terrestrial and planetary scale as well as the proto-theory of relativistic and quantum mechanics. But it can only serve its purpose if it is not considered as obsolete, but if its foundations and implications are understood and made 'absolutely' clear. METHOD. Based on the 'instinctive belief' that the foundations of classical mechanics cannot be found and reconstructed within mechanics itself but only 'outside', classical mechanics is 'understood' by embedding it into an adequate theory of knowledge and adequate proto- and meta-theories in terms of the 'language of dynamics'. Evidence is produced that available philosophical expositions are not adequate for the purpose at hand. Mechanics is treated as part of physics, not of mathematics. Not sophisticated mathematical artifacts, necessary for solving specific problems, but the intellectually satisfactory foundation of mechanics in general is subject and purpose of the exercise. The goal is reached using axiomatic systems as models. SCOPE. Following an account of the unsatisfactory state of affairs the treatise covers the epistemological foundations, abstract proto-mechanics, i. e. the theories of time and space, meta-mechanics, i. e. the theories of state space models and of quantities proper, and, as an instance of the latter, abstract elementary mechanics, the theory of translational motions of 'small' solid bodies in three-dimensional Euclidean space, including classical general relativity. Subsequently the theory of classical kinematics is developed as basis for interpreted proto-mechanics and interpreted elementary mechanics. As an amus
Organisms, Genes and Evolution
| Author | : Dieter Stefan Peters |
| Publisher | : Franz Steiner Verlag |
| Total Pages | : 250 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9783515076593 |
Aus dem Inhalt: Peter Janich: Where does biology get its objects from? Mathias Gutmann: The status of organism: Towards a constructivist theory of organism Walter Bock: Explanations in a historical science Christine Hertler: Organism and morphology: Methodological differences between functional and constructional morphology Dominique G. Homberger: Similarities and differences: The distinctive approaches of systematics and comparative anatomy towards homology and analogy Raphael Falk: The organism as a necessary entity of evolution Franz M. Wuketits: The organism's place in evolution: Darwin's views and contemporary organismic theories Christian Kummer: The development of organismic structure and the philosophy behind Guiseppe Sermonti: The butterfly and the lion Harald Riedl: Organism - Ecosystem - Biosphere: Some comments on the organismic concept Sievert Lorenzen: How to advance from the theory of natural selection towards the General Theory of Self-Organization Antonio Lima-de-Faria: The evolutionary periodicity of flight Hans-Rainer Duncker: The evolution of avian ontogenies: Determination of molecular evolution by integrated complex functional systems and ecological conditions Winfried Stefan Peters & Bernd Herkner: An outline of a theory of the constructional constraints governing early organismic evolution Werner E. G. Mueller e.a.: Monophyly of Metazoa: Phylogenetic analyses of genes encoding SerThr-kinases and a receptor Tyr-kinase from Porifera [sponges] Karl Edlinger: The evolution of the mollusc construction: Living organisms as energy-transforming systems Michael Gudo: A structural-functional approach to the soft bodies of rugose corals.
