This book presents new and advanced results and developments related to the Bees Algorithm, along with its application to a wide range of engineering problems. Modern complex processes and systems are difficult to optimise using conventional mathematical tools as they require models that often cannot be obtained with accuracy or certainty. Optimising such systems demands efficient, model-free optimisation tools. The Bees Algorithm, a swarm-based technique inspired by the foraging behaviour of honeybees, is an ideal tool for tackling challenging optimisation problems. The algorithm is conceptually elegant and extremely easy to apply. All it needs to solve an optimisation problem is a means to evaluate the quality of potential solutions. While the covered applications belong to diverse engineering fields, this book’s focus is on advanced manufacturing and industrial engineering. The book comprises two parts. The first part explores different enhancements made to the original Bees Algorithm to improve its performance. The second part delves into the algorithm's applications in design, manufacturing, production, ergonomics, logistics, transportation, and electrical and electronic engineering. By showcasing the variety of optimisation tasks successfully handled using the Bees Algorithm, the book aims to inspire and motivate engineers and researchers worldwide to adopt the algorithm as a powerful and versatile tool for conquering complex engineering problems in the Industry 4.0 era and beyond.