Initial National Priorities For Comparative Effectiveness Research
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| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 252 |
| Release | : 2009-11-14 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309138361 |
Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 267 |
| Release | : 2011-07-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309164257 |
Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.
| Author | : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.) |
| Publisher | : Government Printing Office |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2013-02-21 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1587634236 |
This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)
| Author | : Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 227 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Medical policy |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Brian L. Strom |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 1220 |
| Release | : 2019-12-16 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1119413419 |
This classic, field-defining textbook, now in its sixth edition, provides the most comprehensive guidance available for anyone needing up-to-date information in pharmacoepidemiology. This edition has been fully revised and updated throughout and continues to provide a rounded view on all perspectives from academia, industry and regulatory bodies, addressing data sources, applications and methodologies with great clarity.
| Author | : Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 252 |
| Release | : 2009-10-14 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780309388085 |
Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 383 |
| Release | : 2011-10-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 030921484X |
Chronic pain costs the nation up to $635 billion each year in medical treatment and lost productivity. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to enlist the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in examining pain as a public health problem. In this report, the IOM offers a blueprint for action in transforming prevention, care, education, and research, with the goal of providing relief for people with pain in America. To reach the vast multitude of people with various types of pain, the nation must adopt a population-level prevention and management strategy. The IOM recommends that HHS develop a comprehensive plan with specific goals, actions, and timeframes. Better data are needed to help shape efforts, especially on the groups of people currently underdiagnosed and undertreated, and the IOM encourages federal and state agencies and private organizations to accelerate the collection of data on pain incidence, prevalence, and treatments. Because pain varies from patient to patient, healthcare providers should increasingly aim at tailoring pain care to each person's experience, and self-management of pain should be promoted. In addition, because there are major gaps in knowledge about pain across health care and society alike, the IOM recommends that federal agencies and other stakeholders redesign education programs to bridge these gaps. Pain is a major driver for visits to physicians, a major reason for taking medications, a major cause of disability, and a key factor in quality of life and productivity. Given the burden of pain in human lives, dollars, and social consequences, relieving pain should be a national priority.
| Author | : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ |
| Publisher | : Government Printing Office |
| Total Pages | : 385 |
| Release | : 2014-04-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1587634333 |
This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.
| Author | : Eric M. Patashnik |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 283 |
| Release | : 2020-07-21 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0691208565 |
How partisanship, polarization, and medical authority stand in the way of evidence-based medicine The U.S. medical system is touted as the most advanced in the world, yet many common treatments are not based on sound science. Unhealthy Politics sheds new light on why the government's response to this troubling situation has been so inadequate, and why efforts to improve the evidence base of U.S. medicine continue to cause so much political controversy. This critically important book paints a portrait of a medical industry with vast influence over which procedures and treatments get adopted, and a public burdened by the rising costs of health care yet fearful of going against "doctor's orders." Now with a new preface by the authors, Unhealthy Politics offers vital insights into the limits of science, expertise, and professionalism in American politics.
| Author | : George E. MacKinnon III |
| Publisher | : Jones & Bartlett Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 241 |
| Release | : 2011-09-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1449673945 |
Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics presents an overview of the tools used to assess patient-related health status including associated health outcomes and the analyses that are used to determine cost-effectiveness in evaluating pharmacotherapeutic interventions to improve health. Including data and examples from several different countries, this comprehensive text will help students understand the basis for decisions made at the local and governmental level that impact the use of pharmaceuticals and provide a strong foundation for understanding the principles used in cost-effective decision making. With commentaries, cases studies, and highlighting international differences, this text concludes with a discussion of the need for a universal system for documenting medication use. Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics provides definitions of comparative effectiveness research (CER) and comparisons of pharmacoeconomic models (including cost-effectivess, cost-benefit, and cost utility analyses). This inclusive text provides describes how CER is linked to various pharmacoeconomic models by providing examples from clinical trials with comparative pharmacotherapy and cost parameters. From the Introduction: "The need for interprofessional education was made apparent in the 2003 Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality report. All healthcare professionals must be educated to deliver patient-centered care as members of an interprofessional team, emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches, and informatics. An enhanced understanding of pharmacoeconomic principles is a step in the right direction for healthcare practitioners as we do our best to ensure optimal medication therapy outcomes for patients and society at-large." -- George E. MacKinnon III, PhD, RPh, FASHP
