Informality And Gender Gaps Going Hand In Hand
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| Author | : Vivian Malta |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 2019-05-23 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1498314716 |
In sub-Saharan Africa women work relatively more in the informal sector than men. Many factors could explain this difference, including women’s lower education levels, legal barriers, social norms and demographic characteristics. Cross-country comparisons indicate strong associations between gender gaps and higher female informality. This paper uses microdata from Senegal to assess the probability of a worker being informal, and our main findings are: (i) in urban areas, being a woman increases this probability by 8.5 percent; (ii) education is usually more relevant for women; (iii) having kids reduces men’s probability of being informal but increases women’s.
| Author | : Vivian Malta |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 2019-05-23 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1498317065 |
In sub-Saharan Africa women work relatively more in the informal sector than men. Many factors could explain this difference, including women’s lower education levels, legal barriers, social norms and demographic characteristics. Cross-country comparisons indicate strong associations between gender gaps and higher female informality. This paper uses microdata from Senegal to assess the probability of a worker being informal, and our main findings are: (i) in urban areas, being a woman increases this probability by 8.5 percent; (ii) education is usually more relevant for women; (iii) having kids reduces men’s probability of being informal but increases women’s.
| Author | : Franziska Ohnsorge |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 397 |
| Release | : 2022-02-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464817545 |
A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 205 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Economic development |
| ISBN | : 9789221281702 |
This publication provides, for the first time, direct measures of informal employment inside and outside informal enterprises for 47 countries. It also presents statistics on the composition and contribution of the informal economy as well as on specific groups of urban informal workers.
| Author | : Sylvia Chant |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789221206088 |
Reviews ILO research on women, gender and the informal economy. It compares and contrasts analytical and methodological frameworks used in various studies, identifies research gaps and directions for future research, and indicates key findings that may assist concerned ILO units in taking action and formulating policy directions.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 144 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Economic development |
| ISBN | : |
Describes the informal economy and highlights its decent work deficit. Proposes an integrated strategy to address underlying causes of informality and to promote decent work in all sectors of the economy, from formal to informal.
| Author | : Mary Njeri Kinyanjui |
| Publisher | : Zed Books Ltd. |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2014-06-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1780326335 |
In this highly original work, Mary Njeri Kinyanjui explores the trajectory of women's movement from the margins of urbanization into the centres of business activities in Nairobi and its accompanying implications for urban planning. While women in much of Africa have struggled to gain urban citizenship and continue to be weighed down by poor education, low income and confinement to domestic responsibilities due to patriarchic norms, a new form of urban dynamism - partly informed by the informal economy - is now enabling them to manage poverty, create jobs and link to the circuits of capital and labour. Relying on social ties, reciprocity, sharing and collaboration, women's informal 'solidarity entrepreneurialism' is taking them away from the margins of business activity and catapulting them into the centre. Bringing together key issues of gender, economic informality and urban planning in Africa, Kinyanjui demonstrates that women have become a critical factor in the making of a postcolonial city.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 230 |
| Release | : 2011-12-08 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 161635156X |
The global financial crisis of recent years and the associated large fiscal deficits and debt levels that have impacted many countries underscores the importance of reliable and timely government statistics and, more broadly, public sector debt as a critical element in countries fiscal and external sustainability. Public Sector Debt Statistics is the first international guide of its kind, and its primary objectives are to improve the quality and timeliness of key debt statistics and promote a convergence of recording practices to foster international comparability and as a reference for national compilers and users for compiling and disseminating these data. Like other statistical guides published by the IMF, this one was prepared in consultation with countries and international agencies, including the nine organizations of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics (TFFS). The guide's preparation was based on the broad range of experience of our institutions and benefitted from consultation with national compilers of government finance and public sector debt statistics. The guide's concepts are harmonized with those of the System of National Accounts (2008) and the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition.
| Author | : Guillermo Perry |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0821370936 |
Analyzes informality in Latin America, exploring root causes and reasons for and implications of its growth. This book uses two distinct but complementary lenses. It concludes that reducing informality levels and overcoming the "culture of informality" will require actions to increase aggregate productivity in the economy.
| Author | : Raquel Fernández |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2021-03-04 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1513571168 |
This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.
