Influence Of The Surface Chemistry And Structure Of Activated Carbon On The Adsorption Of Aurocyanide
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Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 14 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Synthetic and commercial activated carbons are characterised for several chemical and physical properties. A range of techniques is used to establish correlations between physicochemical parameters and gold-adsorption activities. The most important parameter in the carbon activation process for a product with a high gold-adsorption activity is the activation temperature. High activation temperatures yield products with large micropore volumes which provides sites that are ideal in size for adsorption. The surface area of an activated carbon is not necessarily a good measure of its adsorption activity. Surface oxygen-containing functional groups are comprised mainly of ethers and hydroxyls. These functional groups line the edges of the micropores imparting a polar character to the pore and aid in the solvation of the adsorbate. Oxidants such as nitric acid result in a proliferation of surface carboxyl groups resulting in a negatively-charged surface that is not conducive to the adsorption of gold.
Author | : James S. Mattson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 252 |
Release | : 1971 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Detlef R. U. Knappe |
Publisher | : IWA Publishing |
Total Pages | : 100 |
Release | : 2004-01-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1843398419 |
Many water treatment plants need to remove objectionable trace organic compounds, and activated carbon adsorption is often the best available technology. Utilities face the challenge of having to choose from a large variety of activated carbons, and iodine number or BET surface area values are often utilized in the selection process. Although neither parameter correlates well with adsorption capacities, alternative activated carbon selection criteria based on fundamental adsorbent and adsorbate properties are lacking to date. The first objective of this research was to systematically evaluate the effects of activated carbon pore structure and surface chemistry on the adsorption of two common drinking water contaminants: the relatively polar fuel oxygenate methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and the relatively nonpolar solvent trichloroethene (TCE). The second objective was to develop simple descriptors of activated carbon characteristics that facilitate the selection of suitable adsorbents for the removal of organic contaminants from drinking water.Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003 This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Author | : Teresa J. Bandosz |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 587 |
Release | : 2006-02-27 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 0080455956 |
Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation provides a comprehensive summary of the environmental applications of activated carbons. In order to understand the removal of contaminants and pollutants on activated carbons, the theoretical bases of adsorption phenomena are discussed. The effects of pore structure and surface chemistry are also addressed from both science and engineering perspectives. Each chapter provides examples of real applications with an emphasis on the role of the carbon surface in adsorption or reactive adsorption. The practical aspects addressed in this book cover the broad spectrum of applications from air and water cleaning and energy storage to warfare gas removal and biomedical applications. This book can serve as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners with an interest in filtration, water treatment, adsorbents and air cleaning, in addition to environmental policies and regulations. Addresses fundamental carbon science and how it relates to applications of carbon surfaces Describes the broad spectrum of activated carbon applications in environmental remediation Serves as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Activated carbon adsorption is the best available treatment technology for thecontrol of many objectionable trace organic compounds. Activated carbons are frequentlycharacterized by the iodine number and BET surface area, but these parameters do notcorrelate well with trace organic compound removal from natural water. Therefore, theobjective of this research was to develop activated carbon selection criteria that assure theeffective removal of trace organic contaminants from natural water and to base theselection criteria on the adsorbent's pore structure and surface chemistry. Tosystematically evaluate pore structure and surface chemistry effects, a matrix of activatedcarbon fibers (ACFs) with three activation levels and four surface chemistry levels wasstudied. To evaluate whether adsorption trends established for ACFs were also valid forgranular activated carbon (GAC), ACF results were compared with those obtained forthree commercially available GACs. Adsorption capacities were determined for naturalorganic matter (NOM), for relatively hydrophilic methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) andrelatively hydrophobic trichloroethene (TCE) in organic-free water, and for MTBE andTCE in the presence of NOM. NOM isotherms showed that DOC adsorption occurredprimarily in pores with diameters in the 11 to 500 Å range and that electrostaticinteractions between NOM and the carbon surface played a role in NOM adsorption. According to both single-solute isotherms and micropollutant isotherms in the presence of NOM, hydrophobic adsorbents more effectively removed TCE and MTBE thanhydrophilic adsorbents. Effective adsorbents for drinking water treatment shouldtherefore contain little oxygen and nitrogen whose presence increases the polarity of theadsorbent surface. Based on the elemental composition of the low-ash carbons evaluatedin this study, activated carbons should have oxygen and nitrogen contents that sum to nomore than 2 to 3 mmol/g to assure sufficient hydrophobicity. In a.
Author | : Chanel Ishizaki |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 250 |
Release | : 1973 |
Genre | : Carbon, Activated |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Robert W. Coughlin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 44 |
Release | : 1970 |
Genre | : Adsorption |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Lei Li |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 159 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Keywords: trace organic contaminants, pore structure, surface chemistry, adsorbent.
Author | : Patricia Ann Quinlivan |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 149 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Keywords: activated carbon, chemical treatment, surface treatment, adsorption properties, microporosity.
Author | : Harry Marsh |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 555 |
Release | : 2006-07-12 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0080455964 |
Recent years have seen an expansion in speciality uses of activated carbons including medicine, filtration, and the purification of liquids and gaseous media. Much of current research and information surrounding the nature and use of activated carbon is scattered throughout various literature, which has created the need for an up-to-date comprehensive and integrated review reference. In this book, special attention is paid to porosities in all forms of carbon, and to the modern-day materials which use activated carbons - including fibres, clothes, felts and monoliths. In addition, the use of activated carbon in its granular and powder forms to facilitate usage in liquid and gaseous media is explored. Activated Carbon will make essential reading for Material Scientists, Chemists and Engineers in academia and industry. Characterization of porosity The surface chemistry of the carbons Methods of activation and mechanisms of adsorptio Computer modelling of structure and porosity within carbons Modern instrumental analytical methods