The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
Author: Ina Ganguli
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2020-02-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 022669562X

The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.

Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses

Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses
Author: John Haltiwanger
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 488
Release: 2017-09-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 022645407X

Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges brings together and unprecedented group of economists, data providers, and data analysts to discuss research on the state of entrepreneurship and to address the challenges in understanding this dynamic part of the economy. Each chapter addresses the challenges of measuring entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurial firms contribute to economies and standards of living. The book also investigates heterogeneity in entrepreneurs, challenges experienced by entrepreneurs over time, and how much less we know than we think about entrepreneurship given data limitations. This volume will be a groundbreaking first serious look into entrepreneurship in the NBER's Income and Wealth series.

The Immigrant Exodus

The Immigrant Exodus
Author: Vivek Wadhwa
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Total Pages: 107
Release: 2012-10-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1613630204

A 2012 ECONOMIST BOOK OF THE YEAR Many of the United States' most innovative entrepreneurs have been immigrants, from Andrew Carnegie, Alexander Graham Bell, and Charles Pfizer to Sergey Brin, Vinod Khosla, and Elon Musk. Nearly half of Fortune 500 companies and one-quarter of all new small businesses were founded by immigrants, generating trillions of dollars annually, employing millions of workers, and helping establish the United States as the most entrepreneurial, technologically advanced society on earth. Now, Vivek Wadhwa, an immigrant tech entrepreneur turned academic with appointments at Duke, Stanford, Emory, and Singularity Universities, draws on his new Kauffman Foundation research to show that the United States is in the midst of an unprecedented halt in high-growth, immigrant-founded start-ups. He argues that increased competition from countries like China and India and US immigration policies are leaving some of the most educated and talented entrepreneurial immigrants with no choice but to take their innovation elsewhere. The consequences to our economy are dire; our multi-trillion dollar loss will be the gain of our global competitors. With his signature fearlessness and clarity, Wadhwa offers a concise framework for understanding the Immigrant Exodus and offers a recipe for reversal and rapid recovery.

The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
Author: Ina Ganguli
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2020-02-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 022669576X

The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.

Immigration Policy and the Search for Skilled Workers

Immigration Policy and the Search for Skilled Workers
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 155
Release: 2015-12-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0309337852

The market for high-skilled workers is becoming increasingly global, as are the markets for knowledge and ideas. While high-skilled immigrants in the United States represent a much smaller proportion of the workforce than they do in countries such as Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, these immigrants have an important role in spurring innovation and economic growth in all countries and filling shortages in the domestic labor supply. This report summarizes the proceedings of a Fall 2014 workshop that focused on how immigration policy can be used to attract and retain foreign talent. Participants compared policies on encouraging migration and retention of skilled workers, attracting qualified foreign students and retaining them post-graduation, and input by states or provinces in immigration policies to add flexibility in countries with regional employment differences, among other topics. They also discussed how immigration policies have changed over time in response to undesired labor market outcomes and whether there was sufficient data to measure those outcomes.

The Gift of Global Talent

The Gift of Global Talent
Author: William R. Kerr
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2018-10-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1503607364

The global race for talent is on, with countries and businesses competing for the best and brightest. Talented individuals migrate much more frequently than the general population, and the United States has received exceptional inflows of human capital. This foreign talent has transformed U.S. science and engineering, reshaped the economy, and influenced society at large. But America is bogged down in thorny debates on immigration policy, and the world around the United States is rapidly catching up, especially China and India. The future is quite uncertain, and the global talent puzzle deserves close examination. To do this, William R. Kerr uniquely combines insights and lessons from business practice, government policy, and individual decision making. Examining popular ideas that have taken hold and synthesizing rigorous research across fields such as entrepreneurship and innovation, regional advantage, and economic policy, Kerr gives voice to data and ideas that should drive the next wave of policy and business practice. The Gift of Global Talent deftly transports readers from joyous celebrations at the Nobel Prize ceremony to angry airport protests against the Trump administration's travel ban. It explores why talented migration drives the knowledge economy, describes how universities and firms govern skilled admissions, explains the controversies of the H-1B visa used by firms like Google and Apple, and discusses the economic inequalities and superstar firms that global talent flows produce. The United States has been the steward of a global gift, and this book explains the huge leadership decision it now faces and how it can become even more competitive for attracting tomorrow's talent. Please visit www.hbs.edu/managing-the-future-of-work/research/Pages/default.aspx to learn more about the book.

Immigrant Entrepreneurship

Immigrant Entrepreneurship
Author: Jan Rath (Editor of this Special Issue)
Publisher: ACIDI, I.P.
Total Pages: 287
Release: 2008-10-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN:

This Special Issue aims to provide an extensive mapping of policies in the promotion of ethnic entrepreneurship in a number of countries. It is motivated by the desire of national and municipal Governments to create an environment conducive to setting up and developing SMEs in general and immigrant businesses in particular. Furthermore it also highlights how the third sector has also had a crucial role in the reinforcement of immigrant entrepreneurship, and provides indications of how best to address this issue at a Governmental level in the future.

Entrepreneurial Impact

Entrepreneurial Impact
Author: Edward B. Roberts
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Total Pages: 158
Release: 2011
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1601984782

"Entrepreneurial Impact: The Role of MIT -- An Updated Report helps us understand the economic impact of the entrepreneurial ventures of university graduates. We know that some universities play an important role in many economies through their core education, research and development, and other spillovers... While MIT's leadership in developing successful entrepreneurs has been evident anecdotally, this study--one of the largest surveys of entrepreneur alumni ever conducted--quantifies the significant impact of MIT's entrepreneurial ecosystem that supports firm startups."--P.[4] of cover

U.S. High-Skilled Immigration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Approaches and Evidence

U.S. High-Skilled Immigration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Approaches and Evidence
Author: World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher: WIPO
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2013
Genre: Law
ISBN:

High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Studies regarding the impact of immigrants on natives tend to find limited consequences in the short-run, while the results in the long-run are more varied and much less certain. Immigrants in the United States aid business and technology exchanges with their home countries, but the overall effect that the migration has on the home country remains unclear. Little is known about return migration of workers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, except that it is rapidly growing in importance.