Imágenes envenenadas. Consideraciones pragmáticas sobre la impureza visual en las prácticas artísticas

Imágenes envenenadas. Consideraciones pragmáticas sobre la impureza visual en las prácticas artísticas
Author: Francisco Javier GIL MARTÍN
Publisher: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2014-05-15
Genre:
ISBN:

A la hora de abordar un objeto de estudio tan escurridizo y polisémico como la imagen audiovisual que, en el mejor de los casos, se presta a las más diversas y dispares interpretaciones, argumentadas desde los no menos heterogéneos y plurales puntos de vista, podemos plantearnos –no sin perplejidad– cuál de todos los enfoques y análisis posibles es el más certero. Lo más probable es que no encontremos una única respuesta convincente para esta pregunta, sino varias al mismo tiempo. Probablemente todas ellas sean igualmente válidas dependiendo del encuadre hermenéutico que hayamos adoptado. Por eso, al encontramos ante una encrucijada irresoluble de caminos epistemológicos, podemos sospechar que la pregunta de partida haya estado mal planteada desde su origen. Quizás lo que ocurra es que, en el ámbito de los estudios visuales no haya ángulos de visión (ni metodologías de análisis) que puedan considerarse acertados por contraposición a otros que pudiéramos calificar como errados o inadecuados. En consecuencia, podemos considerar a los productos audiovisuales como un objeto de estudio no solo poliédrico, por la cantidad de facetas y géneros que pueden adoptar dependiendo de quién los produzca (por ejemplo, un informador, un publicitario o un artista visual), sino también polisémico, por la cantidad de significados que una misma imagen o contenido audiovisual puede adoptar dependiendo del contexto histórico, social y cultural en el que se encuadre y en el que se realice su lectura posterior. Validar una única interpretación de cualquier imagen capturada por una cámara –ya sea fija o en movimiento–, despreciando el resto de las posibles lecturas que permite, puede significar mirar al mundo de la representación contemporánea y mediática con anteojeras. La imagen audiovisual se presta a los más diversos y variopintos análisis científicos e historiográficos. Podemos descubrir tantos como finalidades e intereses puedan encontrarse a la hora de valorar y analizar esas imágenes. No en vano, las «imágenes de registro» o «imágenes técnicas», como convendremos en llamarlas a partir de ahora (más propiamente que «audiovisuales»), han servido a más amos de los que a menudo le hubiese gustado a los propios autores que las concibieron. Podemos utilizar este tipo de imágenes para informar, para crear, expresar o comunicar, para persuadir y seducir, para convencer y verificar, para deleitar, para infundir temor o seguridad, para servir como instrumento ideológico, o como arma arrojadiza para exhortar, para evocar o incluso para exorcizar. Es cierto que, de igual manera que la imagen audiovisual puede servir a todo tipo de fines artísticos, publicitarios, informativos, científicos, etnográficos, sociológicos, psicológicos o historiográficos, también su análisis puede ser abordado desde todas esas disciplinas a la que potencialmente sirve. En cualquier caso, la inmensa mayoría de los estudios sobre imagen se han llevado a cabo desde disciplinas que normalmente son ajenas a la propia producción audiovisual, puesto que existe un cierto grado de dificultad para que el análisis de la imagen pueda ser abordado desde el campo específico de conocimiento que la genera, es decir, desde el de la propia tecnología y la «grámatica» audiovisual que la hacen posible. Es cierto que el resto de los ámbitos de conocimiento, reflexión y análisis pueden hablar de ella, aventurando las más insospechadas interpretaciones sobre la misma, arrojando luces de distinto signo y color sin que la propia imagen tenga capacidad alguna para defenderse, para validar o falsar una determinada hipótesis. En definitiva, todo el mundo puede hablar de la imagen audiovisual y de los efectos que produce, pero ella apenas puede argumentar nada sobre sí misma, no puede convertirse en artefacto analítico para dar su propia versión de los hechos que describe, que rememora, que evoca, que construye o que representa. La imagen técnica, es decir, aquella que ha sido generada mediante cualquier artefacto óptico que es capaz de producir un registro fotosensible (ya sea fotográfico, cinematográfico o videográfico), nació hace más de ciento setenta años con la aparición de la cámara fotográfica y el daguerrotipo. Fueron muchos los que aventuraron en este descubrimiento una revolución social y cultural de mayor alcance si cabe que el pistoletazo de salida para entrar en la edad contemporánea que produjo la máquina de vapor (en relación a la Revolución Industrial). Pero, lo que es igualmente cierto es que la transformación en los modos de percibir del observador del siglo XIX ya se había empezado a producir casi con dos siglos de anticipación al descubrimiento de la cámara. Esta metamorfosis en el ojo del espectador se había originado gracias a la aparición de un buen número de artilugios precinematográficos que intentaban restituir la ilusión del movimiento.

The Cambridge Habermas Lexicon

The Cambridge Habermas Lexicon
Author: Amy Allen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages:
Release: 2019-04-11
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1316772209

Over a career spanning nearly seven decades, Jürgen Habermas - one of the most important European philosophers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries - has produced a prodigious and influential body of work. In this Lexicon, authored by an international team of scholars, over 200 entries define and explain the key concepts, categories, philosophemes, themes, debates, and names associated with the entire constellation of Habermas's thought. The entries explore the historical, philosophical and social-theoretic roots of these terms and concepts, as well as their intellectual and disciplinary contexts, to build a broad but detailed picture of the development and trajectory of Habermas as a thinker. The volume will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of Habermas, as well as for other readers in political philosophy, political science, sociology, international relations, cultural studies, and law.

Shaping Citizenship

Shaping Citizenship
Author: Claudia Wiesner
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2017-12-14
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1351736426

Citizenship is a core concept for the social sciences, and citizenship is also frequently interpreted, challenged and contested in different political arenas. Shaping Citizenship explores how the concept is debated and contested, defined and redefined, used and constructed by different agents, at different times, and with regard to both theory and practice. The book uses a reflexive and constructivist perspective on the concept of citizenship that draws on the theory and methodology of conceptual history. This approach enables a panorama of politically important readings on citizenship that provide an interdisciplinary perspective and help to transcend narrow and simplified views on citizenship. The three parts of the book focus respectively on theories, debates and practices of citizenship. In the chapters, constructions and struggles related to citizenship are approached by experts from different fields. Thematically the chapters focus on political representation, migration, internationalization, sub-and transnationalization as well as the Europeanisation of citizenship. An indispensable read to scholars and students, Shaping Citizenship presents new ways to study the conceptual changes, struggles and debates related to core dimensions of this ever-evolving concept.

Following Putnam's Trail

Following Putnam's Trail
Author: María Uxía Rivas Monroy
Publisher: Rodopi
Total Pages: 310
Release: 2008
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 904202397X

"Following Putnam's Trail addresses Putnam's path through important philosophical problems. One outstanding feature of Putnam's philosophy has been his contribution to the development of American pragmatism as well as bis many changes of mind when thinking about realism. Realism and pragmatism are indeed the central focus of the contributions to the volume. The book includes a defence of pragmatism by Putnam himself, and several commentaries on it. This volume should be of interest both to scholars who specialize in analytical philosophy as well as to those who have a wider interest in philosophy."--BOOK JACKET.

Parliamentarism and Democratic Theory

Parliamentarism and Democratic Theory
Author: Kari Palonen
Publisher: Verlag Barbara Budrich
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2015-06-17
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3847404687

The authors deal with the place of parliamentary politics in democracy. Apparently a truism, parliamentarism is in fact a missing research object in democratic theory, and a devalued institutional reference in democratic politics. Yet the parliamentary culture of politics historically explains the rise and fall of modern democracies. By exploring democracy from the vantage point of parliamentary politics, the book advances a novel research perspective. Aimed at revising current debates on parliamentary politics, democratization and democratic theory, the authors argue the role of the parliamentary culture of politics in democracy, highlighting the argumentative, debating experience of politics to recast both some of democratic theory’s normative assumptions and real democracies’ reform potential.

The History of Compulsory Voting in Europe

The History of Compulsory Voting in Europe
Author: Anthoula Malkopoulou
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 199
Release: 2014-12-05
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1317693345

Is voting out of fashion? Does it matter if voters don't show up at the polls? If yes, is legal enforcement of voting compatible with democracy? These are just a few of the questions linked to the thorny problem of electoral abstention. This book addresses the hot question whether there is a duty to vote and if this is enforceable in the form of compulsory voting. Divided into two parts, Anthoula Malkopoulou begins by expertly presenting the importance of compulsory voting today, situating the debate within the contemporary discussion on liberty, equality and democracy. Then, she questions the historical origins of the idea in Europe. In particular, she examines parliamentary discussions and other primary sources from France and Greece, including a few additional insights from other countries like Switzerland and Belgium. Focusing especially on the years between 1870 and 1930, the reader learns about the historical actors of the debates, their efforts to legitimate punishment of abstention through normative arguments, but also their strategic motivations and political interests. While discussions at the beginning of the century focus on introducing compulsory voting, Malkopoulou criticizes its misuse after the Second World War, exposing the contingency of relevant normative claims today and the conditionality of compulsory voting. From ancient times until today, you learn about the ideological debates, their political context and how the problems of equal representation and democratic moderation persist through the ages.

We Came Naked and Barefoot

We Came Naked and Barefoot
Author: Alex D. Krieger
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Total Pages: 491
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0292779895

Second place, Presidio La Bahia Award, Sons of the Republic of Texas, 2003 Perhaps no one has ever been such a survivor as álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca. Member of a 600-man expedition sent out from Spain to colonize "La Florida" in 1527, he survived a failed exploration of the west coast of Florida, an open-boat crossing of the Gulf of Mexico, shipwreck on the Texas coast, six years of captivity among native peoples, and an arduous, overland journey in which he and the three other remaining survivors of the original expedition walked some 1,500 miles from the central Texas coast to the Gulf of California, then another 1,300 miles to Mexico City. The story of Cabeza de Vaca has been told many times, beginning with his own account, Relación de los naufragios, which was included and amplified in Gonzalo Fernando de Oviedo y Váldez's Historia general de las Indias. Yet the route taken by Cabeza de Vaca and his companions remains the subject of enduring controversy. In this book, Alex D. Krieger correlates the accounts in these two primary sources with his own extensive knowledge of the geography, archaeology, and anthropology of southern Texas and northern Mexico to plot out stage by stage the most probable route of the 2,800-mile journey of Cabeza de Vaca. This book consists of several parts, foremost of which is the original English version of Alex Krieger's dissertation (edited by Margery Krieger), in which he traces the route of Cabeza de Vaca and his companions from the coast of Texas to Spanish settlements in western Mexico. This document is rich in information about the native groups, vegetation, geography, and material culture that the companions encountered. Thomas R. Hester's foreword and afterword set the 1955 dissertation in the context of more recent scholarship and archaeological discoveries, some of which have supported Krieger's plot of the journey. Margery Krieger's preface explains how she prepared her late husband's work for publication. Alex Krieger's original translations of the Cabeza de Vaca and Oviedo accounts round out the volume.

The Politics of Emotional Shockwaves

The Politics of Emotional Shockwaves
Author: Ana Falcato
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2021-02-08
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 303056021X

This interdisciplinary volume brings together specialists from different backgrounds to deliver expert views on the relationship between morality and emotion, putting a special emphasis on issues related to emotional shocks. One of the distinctive aspects of social existence today is our subjection to traumatic events on a global scale, and our subsequent embodiment of the emotional responses these events provoke. Covering various methodological angles, the contributors ensure careful and heterogeneous reflection on this delicate topic. With eleven original essays, the collection spans a wide variety of fields from philosophy and literary theory, to the visual arts, history, and psychology. The authors cover diverse themes, including philosophical approaches to political polarization; the impact of negative emotions such as anger on inter-relational balance; humour and politics; media and the idea of progress; photography and trauma discourse; democratic morality in modern Indian society; emotional olfactory experiences; phenomenological readings of spatial disorientation, and the significance of moral shocks. This timely volume offers crucial perspectives on contemporary questions relating to ethical behaviours, and the challenges of a globalized society on the verge of political, financial and emotional collapse.

The Odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca

The Odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca
Author: Morris Bishop
Publisher: Greenwood Press
Total Pages: 348
Release: 1933
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN:

Follows him on hid journeys through Mexico and South America until his return to Spain and his death.

Spiritual and Corporeal Selves in India

Spiritual and Corporeal Selves in India
Author: Carmen Escobedo de Tapia
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 221
Release: 2020-08-24
Genre: Art
ISBN: 1527558665

This volume offers a number of images of contemporary India where glocalization is undoubtedly present. The twelve chapters included here provide different perspectives on the relationship between the corporeal and the spiritual, highlighting the union of both soul and body, which has been present from the very beginning of the Indian civilization. This volume offers clues to understand the differences and similarities that characterise the East-West encounter through artistic representations in the era of globalisation. It also enhances the importance of re-inscribing the fusion of the spiritual and the corporeal into the academic research agenda. In Western theory, the body has been arguably dismembered and separated from the spiritual. As such, this text opens up a range of possibilities to tackle and debunk the dualism of both the corporeal and the spiritual suggesting a rupture of the “logic” of binary thinking. The contributors specifically focus on Indian culture and analyse how we can empirically and theoretically reconcile mind and body in order to promote active and reciprocal exchanges among educators, students, researchers, social activists, and those professionally and spiritually engaged with Indian studies.