Germs In The English Workplace C1880 1945
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| Author | : Laura Newman |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 2021-02-15 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0429769180 |
This book looks at how the workplace was transformed through a greater awareness of the roles that germs played in English working lives from c.1880 to 1945. Cutting across a diverse array of occupational settings – such as the domestic kitchen, the milking shed, the factory, and the Post Office – it offers new perspectives on the history of the germ sciences. It brings to light the ways in which germ scientists sought to transform English working lives through new types of technical and educational interventions that sought to both eradicate and instrumentalise germs. It then asks how we can measure and judge the success of such interventions by tracing how workers responded to the potential applications of the germ sciences through their participation in friendly societies, trade unions, colleges, and volunteer organisations. Throughout the book, close attention is paid to reconstructing vernacular traditions of working with invisible life in order to better understand both the successes and failures of the germ sciences to transform the working practices and material conditions of different workplaces. The result is a more diverse history of the peoples, politics, and practices that went into shaping the germ sciences in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England.
| Author | : Arthur McIvor |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 473 |
| Release | : 2023-11-02 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1350236241 |
In the early 21st century, radically changing work locations and patterns have jolted society to reflect more on the ways that employment affects the body and the mind. This book provides historical context and insights to aid our understanding of this contemporary crisis, critically examining the history of a neglected area. In this oral-history based study, Arthur McIvor explores the history of health and safety from Second World War to the present, drawing extensively upon workers' own personal stories of occupational accidents, disasters, injury, disease, overwork and disability. It covers a wide range of workplace issues, from stories of TNT poisoning and overwork in wartime, through to the asbestos and black lung disasters, and the modern-day 'epidemics' of stress, burn-out and Covid-19. Opening conversations surrounding the harms caused by work, this book analyses how people have lived with occupational illness and disability, critiquing risk and work-health cultures, and the structural violence characteristic of industrial capitalism and neoliberal economics, in addition to discussing the agency of big business and advocacy of workers and victims. Focusing on class, gender, disability and race, this book uses an impressive range of secondary and primary sources, including government reports and enquiries drawing upon workers' testimonies, Mine and Factory Inspectors Reports, HSE papers, newspapers, Mass Observation responses and oral history interviews.
| Author | : Felix Driver |
| Publisher | : UCL Press |
| Total Pages | : 372 |
| Release | : 2021-04-19 |
| Genre | : Art |
| ISBN | : 178735508X |
Mobile Museums presents an argument for the importance of circulation in the study of museum collections, past and present. It brings together an impressive array of international scholars and curators from a wide variety of disciplines – including the history of science, museum anthropology and postcolonial history - to consider the mobility of collections. The book combines historical perspectives on the circulation of museum objects in the past with contemporary accounts of their re-mobilisation, notably in the context of Indigenous community engagement. Contributors seek to explore processes of circulation historically in order to re-examine, inform and unsettle common assumptions about the way museum collections have evolved over time and through space. By foregrounding questions of circulation, the chapters in Mobile Museums collectively represent a fundamental shift in the understanding of the history and future uses of museum collections. The book addresses a variety of different types of collection, including the botanical, the ethnographic, the economic and the archaeological. Its perspective is truly global, with case studies drawn from South America, West Africa, Oceania, Australia, the United States, Europe and the UK. Mobile Museums helps us to understand why the mobility of museum collections was a fundamental aspect of their history and why it continues to matter today. Praise for Mobile Museums 'This book advances a paradigm shift in studies of museums and collections. A distinguished group of contributors reveal that collections are not dead assemblages. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries were marked by vigorous international traffic in ethnography and natural history specimens that tell us much about colonialism, travel and the history of knowledge – and have implications for the remobilisation of museums in the future.’ – Nicholas Thomas, University of Cambridge 'The first major work to examine the implications and consequences of the migration of materials from one scientific or cultural milieu to another, it highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of collections and offers insights into their potential for future re-mobilisation.' – Arthur MacGregor
| Author | : Hannah Wills |
| Publisher | : UCL Press |
| Total Pages | : 476 |
| Release | : 2023-03-06 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1800084153 |
Women in the History of Science brings together primary sources that highlight women’s involvement in scientific knowledge production around the world. Drawing on texts, images and objects, each primary source is accompanied by an explanatory text, questions to prompt discussion, and a bibliography to aid further research. Arranged by time period, covering 1200 BCE to the twenty-first century, and across 12 inclusive and far-reaching themes, this book is an invaluable companion to students and lecturers alike in exploring women’s history in the fields of science, technology, mathematics, medicine and culture. While women are too often excluded from traditional narratives of the history of science, this book centres on the voices and experiences of women across a range of domains of knowledge. By questioning our understanding of what science is, where it happens, and who produces scientific knowledge, this book is an aid to liberating the curriculum within schools and universities.
| Author | : Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 277 |
| Release | : 2024-10-07 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 104015154X |
Rural Disease Knowledge examines the ways in which knowledge of rural spaces and environments, on the one hand, and infectious diseases, on the other, have become inter-constituted since the late nineteenth century. With contributions by leading anthropologists and historians of medicine, it examines the epistemic co-constitution of the rural and of infectious diseases. Ranging from Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia to Java, Tanzania, West and South Africa, and Britain, the chapters cover diverse geographies, timelines, and diseases, including plague, brucellosis, leishmaniasis, yaws, yellow fever, nagana, sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease. The book considers how human interactions with infectious diseases have impacted ways of knowing and acting on rural spaces and environments, and in turn how human interactions with rural spaces and environments have impacted ways of knowing and acting against infectious diseases. It reflects on how the rural has been configured as a space of either health or sickness over the centuries and around the globe, the role of rural landscapes in the epistemic emergence of microbiology and tropical medicine, and the interaction with global processes such as European imperialism, the emergence of capitalism, and postcolonial nation-building projects. The studies engage with current debates on decolonizing knowledge and highlight how local disease knowledge has troubled and unsettled hegemonic medical perspectives and created new ways of understanding the relationship between diseases and rural spaces and environments. The volume will be of particular interest to scholars of medical anthropology, global health, and the history of medicine.
| Author | : Cornelia Knab |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 2022-07-29 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1000572668 |
The increasing globalization of trade, travel and transport since the mid-19th century had unwelcome consequences – one of them was the spread of contagious animal diseases over greater distances in a shorter time than ever before. Borders and national control strategies proved to be insufficient to stop the pathogens. Not surprisingly, the issue of epizootics (epidemics of animals) was among the first topics to be addressed by international meetings from the 1860s onwards. Pathogens Crossing Borders explores the history of international efforts to contain and prevent the spread of animal diseases from the early 1860s to the years after the Second World War. As an innovative contribution to global history and the history of internationalism, the book investigates how disease experts, politicians and state authorities developed concepts, practices and institutional structures at the international level to tackle the spread of animal diseases across borders. By following their activities in dealing with a problem area which was – and is today – of enormous political, social, public health and economic relevance, the book reveals the historical challenges of finding common international responses to complex and pressing global issues for which there are no easy solutions.
| Author | : Jonathan Engel |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 287 |
| Release | : 2023-04-11 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1000864154 |
Transforming American Science documents the ways in which federal funds catalyzed or accelerated changes in both university culture and the broader system of American higher education during the post-World War II decades. The events of the book lie within the context of the Cold War, when pressure to maintain parity with the Soviet Union impelled more generous government spending and a willingness of some universities to reorient their missions in the service of country and of science. The book draws upon a substantial amount of archival research conducted in various university archives (MIT, Berkeley, Stanford) as well as at the Library of Congress, the National Archives, and various presidential libraries. Author Jonathan Engel considers the repurposing of the wartime Manhattan Engineering District and the Office of Naval Research to robust peacetime roles in supporting the nation's expanding research efforts, along with the birth of the National Science Foundation, space exploration, and atoms for peace among other topics. This volume is the perfect resource for all those interested in Cold War history and in the history of American science and technology policy.
| Author | : David F. Channell |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 2022-10-14 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1000730581 |
This volume is a comprehensive study of George Wilson, a leading advocate for evangelical science and for the role of biology in technology – it examines his work to develop a unitary vision of Victorian science and technology by drawing upon religion, transcendental natural history, and Baconian philosophy George Wilson was the first Regius Professor of Technology at the University of Edinburgh and the founding Director of the Industrial Museum of Scotland (now the National Museum of Scotland). Throughout his career he lectured and published on a wide range of topics, including the prospect of life on other planets, the history of science, natural theology, chemistry and poetry. His works were very popular - he was praised by Charles Dickens and his lectures drew large audiences, particularly women. Wilson sought to educate people about the significant scientific and technological developments taking place during the first half of the nineteenth century and create a unitary vision of science and technology. This book is largely based on Wilson’s own writings, and it is the first book-length study of him published in the last 160 years. This book is essential for researchers and scholars alike interested in Victorian science and technology.
| Author | : Sarah Ehlers |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 213 |
| Release | : 2022-07-15 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 100061476X |
This volume is an interdisciplinary attempt to insert a broader, historically informed perspective into current political and academic debates on the issue of evidence and the reliability of scientific knowledge. The tensions between competing paradigms, different bodies of knowledge and the relative hierarchies between them are a crucial element of the historical and contemporary dynamics of scientific knowledge production. The negotiation of evidence is at the heart of this process. Starting from the premise that evidence constitutes a central, but also essentially contested concept in contemporary knowledge-based societies, this volume focuses on how evidence is generated and applied in practice—in other words, on “evidence in action.” The contributions analyze and compare different evidence practices within the field of science and technology, how they interlink with different forms of power, their interaction with and impact on the legal and political domain, and their relationship to other, more heterodox forms of evidence that challenge traditional notions of evidence. In doing so, this volume provides much-needed context and historical background to contemporary debates on the so-called “post-truth” society. Evidence in Action is the perfect resource for all those interested in the relationship between science, technology, and the role of knowledge in society. Chapter 6 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
| Author | : Émile P. Torres |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 528 |
| Release | : 2023-06-15 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1000904059 |
This volume traces the origins and evolution of the idea of human extinction, from the ancient Presocratics through contemporary work on "existential risks." Many leading intellectuals agree that the risk of human extinction this century may be higher than at any point in our 300,000-year history as a species. This book provides insight on the key questions that inform this discussion, including when humans began to worry about their own extinction and how the debate has changed over time. It establishes a new theoretical foundation for thinking about the ethics of our extinction, arguing that extinction would be very bad under most circumstances, although the outcome might be, on balance, good. Throughout the book, graphs, tables, and images further illustrate how human choices and attitudes about extinction have evolved in Western history. In its thorough examination of humanity’s past, this book also provides a starting point for understanding our future. Although accessible enough to be read by undergraduates, Human Extinction contains new and thought-provoking research that will benefit even established academic philosophers and historians.
