Excerpt from Geological and Topographical Maps Their Interpretation and Use: A Handbook for the Geologist, and Civil Engineer Having frequently been asked by my students and others for a text-book dealing with the practical problems which are involved in the interpretation of maps, both geological and topographical, I have endeavoured in the following pages to give such descriptions and instructions as will enable the civil engineer and the student of geology to draw sections of the country depicted upon maps, and to ascertain the depth and thickness of the various strata of which it is built up, and their relations to the surface of the ground and to each other. The importance of a correct solution of this type of problem to the civil engineer, and to all others engaged in work which involves the making of excavations, need not be enlarged upon, and it is hoped that the present volume will be a help to them and to teachers and students of geology and geography. It has been thought desirable to include a brief summary of the main structural features of rocks for the benefit of those readers who have been unable to obtain a systematic course of instruction in geology; but it is not intended that this should replace the fuller accounts to be found in the text-books of Physical Geology. The examples given in the illustrations have been, as far as possible, based upon actual districts in the British Isles, but occasionally it has been necessary to simplify these to some extent for the sake of clearness. In conclusion, I cannot too warmly express my thanks to Professor P. F. Kendall, under whose guidance I acquired my first knowledge of structural geology, and to whom therefore many of the ideas expressed in the present volume are due. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.