Are women any less corrupt than men? Is there a relationship between gender and corruption? If yes, what is it? Will more women in power change this equation for the better or worse? This publication is a first, comprehensive foray by UNODC into this complex, multi-layered subject that affects every society and country in the world differently. Therefore, the publication underlines the importance of understanding how national, cultural and social norms interact and shape corrupt practices. With the United Nations Convention against Corruption as our cornerstone, the publication highlights how many of the gender dimensions of corruption are not sufficiently addressed in national contexts. Using sexual favours as a currency of corruption is far too common, yet it is still not widely understood that this is abuse of authority. And victim-centred whistleblowing mechanisms remain exceptional. However, there are also inspiring good practices which break the mould, such as tackling unconscious gender bias in the courts to strengthen judicial integrity and ensure equality before the law. The publication examines the evolution and relevance of the key international instruments, and emphasises the importance of evidence-based policy making. It also explores how gender equality policies can have a positive effect in preventing and countering corruption and, vice versa. Finally, the publication illustrates three country-specific case studies from Brazil, Ghana and Indonesia, each demonstrating the country's contextual anti-corruption landscape while focusing on unique gender narratives and intersections. The time is now to address the gender dimensions of corruption. For if not now, then when?