Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic Induction Sensors for the Multi-Sensor Towed Array Detection System

Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic Induction Sensors for the Multi-Sensor Towed Array Detection System
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 19
Release: 2002
Genre:
ISBN:

The Chemistry Division of the Naval Research Laboratory has developed the Multi-sensor Towed Array Detection System for use in unexploded ordnance detection and classification. With support from the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, we are developing a frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensor array to extend our capabilities. The first task in this program is to characterize the commercial GEM-3 sensor and assess its suitability for use in a towed array. In this report, we detail our characterization results and note the problems we encountered. We conclude by listing the modifications to the baseline sensors that we will make for the array we will field.

Enhanced UXO Discrimination Using Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic Induction

Enhanced UXO Discrimination Using Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic Induction
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 76
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

The Chemistry Division of the Naval Research Laboratory has developed the Multi-sensor Towed Array Detection System for use in unexploded ordnance detection and discrimination. With support from the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, we have developed a frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensor array to extend the discrimination capabilities of the MTADS. We have demonstrated the system at the Standardized UXO Demonstration sites at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD and Yuma Proving Ground, AZ. At each of the sites, we surveyed the Calibration Lanes, the Blind Test Grid, and as much of the Open Field Area as possible. In this report, we describe the sensors demonstrated, show examples of the data collected, describe our analysis methodologies, and report the detection and discrimination results as scored by management of the test sites and analysts from the Institute for Defense Analyses.

Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Sensor Array Development

Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Sensor Array Development
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 24
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

A laboratory prototype frequency domain electromagnetic induction sensor array suitable for simultaneous operation with an array of cesium vapor total field magnetometers has been designed and fabricated and has undergone limited bench testing. The design is based on the GEM-3 active primary field cancellation technology, which creates a "magnetic cavity" for each receive coil in the array. The array's magnetometers would be mounted inside the receive coils, within the magnetic cavities. This is very important because the primary transmit field would otherwise be strong enough to shift the total magnetic field vector (static magnetic field plus EMI components) outside the operating envelope of the magnetometers. Because the array configuration does not have the symmetry of a standard GEM-3, in-phase drift tends to be more severe. Tests with the prototype array show drift rates roughly one order of magnitude larger than with a standard GEM-3. However, demedian filtering such as that used for the MM-0033 towed GEM-3 array can correct for the drift. The most serious issue for the array is structural rigidity. When the array is bent, the bucking coils do not properly cancel the field from the outer transmit loop. Calculations indicate that bucking errors amounting l0's of ppm can be caused by bending the array by a few tenths of a degree over a distance of about 30 cm. The array would have to be held stiff to this sort of tolerance. For towed applications on land this may be difficult because the array will be subjected to significant bending stresses as it is towed over any realistic terrain. The bouncing and jostling motions for vehicle towed systems tend to have scales comparable to those of buried UXO signals. The situation may not be so serious for marine applications where the array would be buoyed up and not subject to such severe stresses.

A New Sensor Based Upon a Rotating-Coil Electromagnetic Induction Concept

A New Sensor Based Upon a Rotating-Coil Electromagnetic Induction Concept
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

The research described in this report was conducted in support of SERDP SEED Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) dated November 7, 2003, Statement of Need UXSEED-05-01, which specifically called for development of new UXO sensors at the proof-of-concept level that will allow development of new or improved discrimination techniques for distinguishing intact ordnance from metallic scrap items. Modern UXO geophysical surveys are normally conducted under GPS control using arrays of magnetometers and/or EMI sensors. Typical vehicular towed arrays produce high density maps of 200,000 2,000,000 data points per acre when using EMI and magnetometer sensor arrays. Target analyses typically involve fitting of perceived magnetic anomalies to dipole signature models. To improve the ability to distinguish intact UXO from metallic scrap, statistical analysis approaches often are applied to the output parameters of the physics-based target-fitting algorithms to improve the classification ability. Although we can approach the 100% detection of UXO threats on fairly uncomplicated ranges, clearing the ranges still requires digging 5-25 non-UXO targets to recover each intact UXO. We have recently concluded that, using currently available magnetic and EMI sensors, little or no further performance gain is likely to be achieved using only the physics-based fitting parameters to make decisions about ordnance classification. Frequency-domain EMI sensors such as the GEM-3(TM) from Geophex Ltd. can operate at frequencies as low as 30 Hz. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of measurements at frequencies below 100 Hz is significantly degraded.

Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics

Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics
Author: Misac N. Nabighian
Publisher: SEG Books
Total Pages: 989
Release: 1988
Genre: Electromagnetic fields
ISBN: 1560800224

As a slag heap, the result of strip mining, creeps closer to his house in the Ohio hills, fifteen-year-old M. C. is torn between trying to get his family away and fighting for the home they love.

Subsurface Sensing

Subsurface Sensing
Author: Ahmet S. Turk
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 916
Release: 2011-07-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0470608560

This book provides readers with a solid understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the techniques used for buried object detection. Presenting theory along with applications and the existing technology, it covers the most recent developments in hardware and software technologies of sensor systems with a focus on primary sensors such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and auxiliary sensors such as Nuclear Quadruple Resonance (NQR). It is essential reading for students, practitioners, specialists, and academicians involved in the design and implementation of buried object detection sensors.

Advanced Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Applications

Advanced Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Applications
Author: Olga Korostynska
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 350
Release: 2021-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3036504265

It is impossible to imagine the modern world without sensors, or without real-time information about almost everything—from local temperature to material composition and health parameters. We sense, measure, and process data and act accordingly all the time. In fact, real-time monitoring and information is key to a successful business, an assistant in life-saving decisions that healthcare professionals make, and a tool in research that could revolutionize the future. To ensure that sensors address the rapidly developing needs of various areas of our lives and activities, scientists, researchers, manufacturers, and end-users have established an efficient dialogue so that the newest technological achievements in all aspects of real-time sensing can be implemented for the benefit of the wider community. This book documents some of the results of such a dialogue and reports on advances in sensors and sensor systems for existing and emerging real-time monitoring applications.

Hydrogeophysics

Hydrogeophysics
Author: Yorum Rubin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 518
Release: 2006-05-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402031025

This ground-breaking work is the first to cover the fundamentals of hydrogeophysics from both the hydrogeological and geophysical perspectives. Authored by leading experts and expert groups, the book starts out by explaining the fundamentals of hydrological characterization, with focus on hydrological data acquisition and measurement analysis as well as geostatistical approaches. The fundamentals of geophysical characterization are then at length, including the geophysical techniques that are often used for hydrogeological characterization. Unlike other books, the geophysical methods and petrophysical discussions presented here emphasize the theory, assumptions, approaches, and interpretations that are particularly important for hydrogeological applications. A series of hydrogeophysical case studies illustrate hydrogeophysical approaches for mapping hydrological units, estimation of hydrogeological parameters, and monitoring of hydrogeological processes. Finally, the book concludes with hydrogeophysical frontiers, i.e. on emerging technologies and stochastic hydrogeophysical inversion approaches.