Vanguard I Satellite Structure and Separation Mechanism

Vanguard I Satellite Structure and Separation Mechanism
Author: John T. Shea
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 1961
Genre: Satellites
ISBN:

A reevaluation of the Vanguard program objectives in January 1957 resulted in the production of the Vanguard I Satellite, a 6.44-inch-diameter, 3.25-pound sphere with six equally spaced solar cell clusters and six equally spaced antennas mounted on its surface. Experiment requirements necessitated the development of a mechanism to separate the satellite from the third-stage rocket. On the basis of the existing standard separation mechanism, a strap pull-pin girth-ring arrangement was developed. Both the satellite and the separation mechanism were fully tested prior to flight. Successful orbiting and flight operation proved the adequacy of the design.

Vanguard I Satellite Structure and Separation Mechanism

Vanguard I Satellite Structure and Separation Mechanism
Author: John T. Shea
Publisher:
Total Pages: 22
Release: 1961
Genre: Project Vanguard
ISBN:

A reevaluation of the Vanguard program objectives in January 1957 resulted in the production of the Vanguard I Satellite, a 6.44-inch-diameter, 3.25-pound sphere with six equally spaced solar cell clusters and six equally spaced antennas mounted on its surface. Experiment requirements necessitated the development of a mechanism to separate the satellite from the third-stage rocket. On the basis of the existing standard separation mechanism, a strap pull-pin girth-ring arrangement was developed. Both the satellite and the separation mechanism were fully tested prior to flight. Successful orbiting and flight operation proved the adequacy of the design.

Vanguard Satellite Separation Mechanisms

Vanguard Satellite Separation Mechanisms
Author: Robert C. Baumann
Publisher:
Total Pages: 32
Release: 1961
Genre: Artificial satellites
ISBN:

Early in the Vanguard program it became apparent that a thoroughly reliable means of separating the satellite packages from the third-stage rocket would be required. A completely self-contained standard mechanism was developed with redundant firing circuits for use on both test vehicles and satellite-launching vehicles. A change in the experimental objectives of the test-vehicle payload units necessitated modification of some of the standard separation mechanisms. A strap, pull-pin, girth-ring separation device was developed which employed the basic actuation of the standard mechanisms. Evidence of residual burning of the third stage made it necessary to delay separation longer than the time designed into the long-delay separation device. The standard separation mechanism was modified and integrated with the satellite command receiver system so that a ground command after third-stage burnout would cause separation. Flight performance of the various separation mechanisms proved their reliability; they performed without failure in all Vanguard launchings.

Vanguard Satellite Separation Mechanisms

Vanguard Satellite Separation Mechanisms
Author: Robert C. Baumann
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 1961
Genre: Artificial satellites
ISBN:

Early in the Vanguard program it became apparent that a thoroughly reliable means of separating the satellite packages from the third-stage rocket would be required. A completely self-contained standard mechanism was developed with redundant firing circuits for use on both test vehicles and satellite-launching vehicles. A change in the experimental objectives of the test-vehicle payload units necessitated modification of some of the standard separation mechanisms. A strap, pull-pin, girth-ring separation device was developed which employed the basic actuation of the standard mechanisms. Evidence of residual burning of the third stage made it necessary to delay separation longer than the time designed into the long-delay separation device. The standard separation mechanism was modified and integrated with the satellite command receiver system so that a ground command after third-stage burnout would cause separation. Flight performance of the various separation mechanisms proved their reliability; they performed without failure in all Vanguard launchings.

Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety

Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 69
Release: 2000-04-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309069319

The U.S. space program is rapidly changing from an activity driven by federal government launches to one driven by commercial launches. In 1997, for the first time commercial launches outnumbered government launches at the Eastern Range (ER), located at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida. Commercial activity is also increasing at the Western Range (WR), located at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The government itself is emulating commercial customers, shifting from direct management of launch programs to the purchase of space launch services from U.S. commercial launch companies in an open, competitive market. The fundamental goal of the U.S. space program is to ensure safe, reliable, and affordable access to space. Despite the inherent danger of space launches, the U.S. space program has demonstrated its ability to protect the public. No launch site worker or member of the general public has been killed or seriously injured in any of the 4,600 launches conducted at the ER and WR during the entire 50-year history of the space age. Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety discusses whether range safety processes can be made more efficient and less costly without compromising public safety. This report presents six primary recommendations, which address risk management, Africa gates, roles and responsibilities, range safety documentation [EWR 127-1]), global positioning system (GPS) receiver tracking systems, and risk standards for aircraft and ships.

Development of a Source Separation Process for Multirotor Aeroacoustic Analysis

Development of a Source Separation Process for Multirotor Aeroacoustic Analysis
Author: Joel Sundar Rachaprolu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:

With increasing interest in electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft for Urban Air Mobility (UAM), many companies are making strides in the design, manufacturing, certification, and operation of these aircraft. Their use depends heavily on community perception and acceptance of these aircraft, with noise generation limited to acceptable levels. These aircraft use Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) with multiple rotors to provide the required thrust and power. Thus, their resultant aeroacoustic footprint is more complex than with helicopters. To understand the noise-generating mechanisms of these aircraft: this thesis develops a Source Separation Process (SSP) to separate the noise component produced by each rotor from ground-based flyover acoustic measurements. The SSP is a two-step process that combines time-domain De-Dopplerization with the Vold-Kalman (V-K) order tracking filter. This process can extract rotor components, even when the noise sources continuously change with time, including impulsive noise such as that caused by Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI). Another advantage of this approach over traditional methods, such as harmonic averaging, is that it preserves the phase and amplitude relationship of acoustic signals throughout the extraction process. The SSP was applied to multiple data sets to validate and highlight the capabilities and limitations. First, the V-K filter of the SSP is applied to wind tunnel data to understand the noise of the top and bottom rotors in coaxial configuration while operating at nearly identical RPM. Second, the de-Dopplerization of the SSP is applied to acoustic flyover measurements of an sUAS octocopter to understand multirotor noise radiation patterns. Third, the complete SSP was applied to acoustic flight test of Bell 430 helicopter to understand the separated noise source variation with time in maneuvering flight. For the separated coaxial rotor data, the bottom rotor has higher levels of loading noise radiating out of the plane due to its operation being in the wake of the top rotor. For the de-Dopplerized octocopter data, the broadband noise is dominant underneath the aircraft whereas the tonal noise is dominant toward the in-plane of the aircraft and the noise is most variable in-plane near the horizon of the aircraft. For the de-Dopplerized and separated flight test data, each separated component has different pulse shapes and directivity trends, the source separation for multiple operating conditions was consistent with the aeroacoustic theory.