This synthesis report will be of interest to pavement design engineers in local, state, and federal transportation agencies. Pavement materials, construction, and maintenance engineers will also find it of interest. In addition, it will be of interest to local technology transfer centers and pavement research engineers. This synthesis describes the state of the practice for thin-surfaced pavement project selection and structural design. It does not establish preferential design criteria (e.g., mix design) nor does it systematically evaluate existing design methods. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the conditions in which thin-surfaced pavements are considered appropriate, what thin-surfaced pavement types are considered appropriate for given conditions, and the decision criteria used in their selection. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying state and local transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search, including foreign resources. Case studies and an extensive collection of survey data are presented.