Failure of l'Action Libérale Nationale

Failure of l'Action Libérale Nationale
Author: Patricia Dirks
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Total Pages: 212
Release: 1991-08-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0773562877
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The ALN gained widespread business, popular, and church support by promising francophones both control of a modern Quebec economy and preservation of the traditional social order. As Dirks shows, however, this support came from people with different and sometimes contradictory objectives, causing internal tensions which weakened the ALN from the outset. This weakness was compounded by poor leadership, financial difficulties, and the tactics of the other political parties in Quebec. The Quebec Liberal and Conservative Parties worked independently to undermine the ALN and any possibility of its gaining power in Quebec. Maurice Duplessis, leader of the Quebec Conservative party, skilfully exploited the ALN's weaknesses in the interests of his own party by the formation of the Union Nationale. This coalition of the ALN and the provincial Conservatives capitalized on the popularity of the ALN to win the provincial election of 1935 but ensured that power remained in the hands of what was essentially the Quebec Conservative Party. Dirks' insight into the political history of Quebec is informed by a multitude of sources. She conducted interviews with many of the leading political players of the time, including the late Paul Gouin, the original leader of the ALN. She also consulted many public and private archives, including Gouin's, and was allowed unrestricted access to Duplessis' papers for the period up to 1939, the year the ALN ceased to exist. In relating the rise and fall of the ALN to the socio-economic, ideological, and political developments which shaped Quebec during the early decades of the twentieth century, Dirks reveals its long-term impact on the operation and organization of political parties in Quebec and Canada.

Lactivism

Lactivism
Author: Courtney Jung
Publisher:
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2015-11-24
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0465039693
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"Breastfeeding has become a moral imperative in 21st century America. Once upon a time, this moral imperative made sense. Breastfeeding was believed to bring multiple health benefits, including increased resistance to many chronic and even fatal diseases, protection against Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), improved intelligence, and countless immunities. The irony now, however, is that breastfeeding continues to gain moral force just as scientists are showing that its benefits have been greatly exaggerated. In 2012, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention declared the failure to breastfeed "a public health issue, " thus placing bottle-feeding on par with smoking, obesity, and unsafe sex. Recently, politicians too have launched highly visible breastfeeding initiatives, such as former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg's well-publicized Latch On campaign. And, meanwhile, women who don't breastfeed their babies have found themselves with a lot of explaining to do. Physicians, public health officials, and other mothers are pressuring them to breastfeed even though the best science shows that the advantages of doing so are minimal at best. What is going on? In Lactivism, Courtney Jung offers the most deeply researched and far-reaching critique of the breastfeeding imperative to date. Drawing on a wide range of evidence, from rigorously peer-reviewed scientific research to interviews with physicians, politicians, business interests, activists, social workers, and mothers from across the social and political spectrum, Jung presents an eye-opening account of how a practice that began as an alternative to Big Business has become Big Business itself"--

Preterm Birth

Preterm Birth
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 791
Release: 2007-05-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 030910159X
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The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.

Ina May's Guide to Breastfeeding

Ina May's Guide to Breastfeeding
Author: Ina May Gaskin
Publisher: Bantam
Total Pages: 353
Release: 2009-09-29
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 0553907204
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Everything you need to know to make breastfeeding a joyful, natural, and richly fulfilling experience for both you and your baby Drawing on her decades of experience in caring for pregnant women, mothers, and babies, Ina May Gaskin explores the health and psychological benefits of breastfeeding and gives you invaluable practical advice that will help you nurse your baby in the most fulfilling way possible. Inside you’ll find answers to virtually every question you have on breastfeeding, including topics such as •the benefits of breastfeeding •nursing challenges •pumps and other nursing products •sleeping arrangements •nursing and work •medications •nursing multiples •weaning •sick babies •nipplephobia, and much more Ina May's Guide to Breastfeeding is filled with helpful advice, medical facts, and real-life stories that will help you understand how and why breastfeeding works and how you can use it to more deeply connect with your baby and your own body. Whether you’re planning to nurse for the first time or are looking for the latest, most up-to-date expert advice available, you couldn’t hope to find a better guide than Ina May.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 235
Release: 2013-04-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309263476
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For many Americans who live at or below the poverty threshold, access to healthy foods at a reasonable price is a challenge that often places a strain on already limited resources and may compel them to make food choices that are contrary to current nutritional guidance. To help alleviate this problem, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a number of nutrition assistance programs designed to improve access to healthy foods for low-income individuals and households. The largest of these programs is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly called the Food Stamp Program, which today serves more than 46 million Americans with a program cost in excess of $75 billion annually. The goals of SNAP include raising the level of nutrition among low-income households and maintaining adequate levels of nutrition by increasing the food purchasing power of low-income families. In response to questions about whether there are different ways to define the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct a study to examine the feasibility of defining the adequacy of SNAP allotments, specifically: the feasibility of establishing an objective, evidence-based, science-driven definition of the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, as well as other relevant dimensions of adequacy; and data and analyses needed to support an evidence-based assessment of the adequacy of SNAP allotments. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy reviews the current evidence, including the peer-reviewed published literature and peer-reviewed government reports. Although not given equal weight with peer-reviewed publications, some non-peer-reviewed publications from nongovernmental organizations and stakeholder groups also were considered because they provided additional insight into the behavioral aspects of participation in nutrition assistance programs. In addition to its evidence review, the committee held a data gathering workshop that tapped a range of expertise relevant to its task.