Experimental Evaluations Of Selected Sealants To Remediate Co2 Leakage
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Author | : Aaron Jeffrey Blue |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 67 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : Geological carbon sequestration |
ISBN | : |
"Carbon Dioxide (CO2) sequestration into porous and permeable brine-filled aquifers is seen as one of the most feasible solutions for reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere from coal-fired power plants. To safely store the CO2, it must be trapped under an impermeable rock acting as a seal. One of the concerns with CO2 sequestration is the generation of new fractures or reopening of existing fractures caused by CO2 injection in the sealing formation. This project evaluates the potential of sealing these fractures by injecting sealing materials into them. These sealing materials need also to stay in place over long term. Therefore the long term thermo-stability of the sealing materials exposed to CO2 has to be addressed. Four sealing materials have been investigated, at subsurface conditions, to study their ability to effectively seal CO2 migration through fractures ranging in size from 250 [mu] up to 1 mm. The four sealant materials were: paraffin wax, silica-based gel, polymer-based gel, and calcium aluminate-based cement. All four materials significantly reduced the fracture permeability. However, the calcium aluminate-based cement was the most effective sealant agent and was the only sealant that was able to withstand the large differential pressure caused by CO2 or brine injection pressure. Based on the experiments conducted, gels cannot be expected to withstand large pressure differentials in a parallel fracture and therefore the calcium aluminate-based cement is recommended for sealing of fracture widths above half a millimeter. Since cement exposed to CO2 is subjected to the reaction of carbonation, a potential injection scenario is to inject cement first to create a barrier to differential pressures and then follow with a gel as a secondary seal to create a chemically stable sealing agent exposed to CO2"--Abstract, page iii.
Author | : Shudai Peng |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 88 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
"Excessive Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission has become a serious issue and caused lots of environmental problems. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) program has been developed to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. CO2 storage has been targeted mainly on depleted oil or gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers. However, leakage could occur through wellbores, cap rocks, formation faults, and fractures during and after CO2 injection. To minimize the risk, different types of sealants have been investigated to prevent CO2 leaks. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive review of the materials which could be used as CO2 sealants. Based on the difference of materials components, this research has classified the sealants into seven types, including cements, geopolymers, foams, gel systems, resin systems, biofilm barriers, and nanoparticles. For each type of sealants, its chemical components, physical properties, stabilities, impact factors, applied environments, advantages and limitations were summarized. The most commonly used sealant for CO2 leakage control from wellbore is still cement, and the aluminate-calcium based cement has the best properties. It is very challenging to seal the fractures and faults, far from wellbore due to the difficulty to deliver plugging materials into the in-depth of a reservoir. The thermo-stability is also a great challenge for most materials and should be evaluated under supercritical CO2 condition"--Abstract, page iii.
Author | : Sarah M. Forbes |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Carbon dioxide mitigation |
ISBN | : 9781569737019 |
The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) Guidelines effort was initiated to develop a set of preliminary guidelines and recommendations for the deployment of CCS technologies in the United States, to ensure that CCS projects are conducted safely and effectively. The guidelines are written for those who may be involved in decisions on a proposed project: the developers, regulators, financiers, insurers, project operators, and policy makers. These guidelines are intended to guide full-scale demonstration of and build public confidence in CCS technologies by informing how projects should be conducted.
Author | : Mahmoud Khalifeh |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 285 |
Release | : 2020-01-27 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3030399702 |
This open access book offers a timely guide to challenges and current practices to permanently plug and abandon hydrocarbon wells. With a focus on offshore North Sea, it analyzes the process of plug and abandonment of hydrocarbon wells through the establishment of permanent well barriers. It provides the reader with extensive knowledge on the type of barriers, their functioning and verification. It then discusses plug and abandonment methodologies, analyzing different types of permanent plugging materials. Last, it describes some tests for verifying the integrity and functionality of installed permanent barriers. The book offers a comprehensive reference guide to well plugging and abandonment (P&A) and well integrity testing. The book also presents new technologies that have been proposed to be used in plugging and abandoning of wells, which might be game-changing technologies, but they are still in laboratory or testing level. Given its scope, it addresses students and researchers in both academia and industry. It also provides information for engineers who work in petroleum industry and should be familiarized with P&A of hydrocarbon wells to reduce the time of P&A by considering it during well planning and construction.
Author | : Us Army Corps Of Engineers |
Publisher | : Military Bookshop |
Total Pages | : 434 |
Release | : 2002-06-01 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9781780397702 |
This manual provides practical guidance for the design and operation of soil vapor extraction (SVE) and bioventing (BV) systems. It is intended for use by engineers, geologists, hydrogeologists, and soil scientists, chemists, project managers, and others who possess a technical education and some design experience but only the broadest familiarity with SVE or BV systems.
Author | : Cecily M. Grzywacz |
Publisher | : Getty Publications |
Total Pages | : 190 |
Release | : 2006-09-01 |
Genre | : Art |
ISBN | : 0892368519 |
With an emphasis on passive sampling, this volume focuses on the environmental monitoring for common gaseous pollutants. It offers an overview of the history and nature of pollutants of concern to museums and the challenges facing scientists, conservators, and managers seeking to develop target pollutant guidelines to protect cultural property.
Author | : W. Littmann |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 223 |
Release | : 1988-09-01 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 0080868827 |
This book covers all aspects of polymer flooding, an enhanced oil recovery method using water soluble polymers to increase the viscosity of flood water, for the displacement of crude oil from porous reservoir rocks. Although this method is becoming increasingly important, there is very little literature available for the engineer wishing to embark on such a project. In the past, polymer flooding was mainly the subject of research. The results of this research are spread over a vast number of single publications, making it difficult for someone who has not kept up-to-date with developments during the last 10 to 15 years to judge the suitability of polymer flooding to a particular field case. This book tries to fill that gap. The basic mechanisms of the process are described and criteria given where it may be employed. Basic elements of the chemistry of EOR-polymers are provided. The fundamentals of polymer physics, such as rheology, flow in porous media and adsorption, are derived. Practical hints on mixing and testing of polymers in the laboratory are given, as well as instructions for their application in the oil field. Polymer flooding is illustrated by some case histories and the economics of the methods are examined. For the essential subjects, example calculations are added. An indispensable book for reservoir engineers, production engineers and laboratory technicians within the petroleum industry.
Author | : Hans F. Stroo |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 421 |
Release | : 2012-10-02 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1461441153 |
This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Air quality |
ISBN | : |
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 423 |
Release | : 2013-02-27 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 0309278139 |
Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.