Evaluation Of Diagnostic Systems
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Author | : John Swets |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 270 |
Release | : 2012-12-02 |
Genre | : Reference |
ISBN | : 0323141641 |
Evaluation of Diagnostic Systems: Methods from Signal Detection Theory addresses the many issues that arise in evaluating the performance of a diagnostic system, across the wide range of settings in which such systems are used. These settings include clinical medicine, industrial quality control, environmental monitoring and investigation, machine and metals inspection, military monitoring, information retrieval, and crime investigation. The book is divided into three parts encompassing 11 chapters that emphasize the interpretation of diagnostic visual images by human observers. The first part of the book describes quantitative methods for measuring the accuracy of a system and the statistical techniques for drawing inferences from performance tests. The subsequent part covers study design and includes a detailed description of the form and conduct of an image-interpretation test. The concluding part examines the case study of a medical imaging system that serves as an example of both simple and complex applications. In this part, three mammographic modalities are used: industrial film radiography, low-dose film radiography, and xeroradiography. The case study focuses on the overall reliability of accuracy indices made by its main components, that is, the variabilities across cases, across readers, and within individual readers. The supplementary texts provide study protocols, a computer program for processing test results, and an extensive list of references that will assist the reader in applying those evaluative methods to diagnostic systems in any setting. This book is of value to scientists and engineers, as well as to applied, quantitative, or experimental psychologists who are engaged in the study of the human processes of discrimination and decision making in either perceptual or cognitive tasks.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 473 |
Release | : 2015-12-29 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309377722 |
Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.
Author | : Kelly H. Zou |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 243 |
Release | : 2016-04-19 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 1439812233 |
Statistical evaluation of diagnostic performance in general and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis in particular are important for assessing the performance of medical tests and statistical classifiers, as well as for evaluating predictive models or algorithms. This book presents innovative approaches in ROC analysis, which are releva
Author | : Ahmed Samei Huda |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 384 |
Release | : 2019-05-16 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0192534092 |
Many published books that comment on the medical model have been written by doctors, who assume that readers have the same knowledge of medicine, or by those who have attempted to discredit and attack the medical practice. Both types of book have tended to present diagnostic categories in medicine as universally scientifically valid examples of clear-cut diseases easily distinguished from each other and from health; with a fixed prognosis; and with a well-understood aetiology leading to disease-reversing treatments. These are contrasted with psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, which are described as unclear and inadequate in comparison. The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation explores the overlap between the usefulness of diagnostic constructs (which enable prognosis and treatment decisions) and the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatry compared with general medicine. The book explains the medical model and how it applies in mental health, assuming little knowledge or experience of medicine, and defends psychiatry as a medical practice.
Author | : Institute of Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 152 |
Release | : 1989-02-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 030904099X |
Technology assessment can lead to the rapid application of essential diagnostic technologies and prevent the wide diffusion of marginally useful methods. In both of these ways, it can increase quality of care and decrease the cost of health care. This comprehensive monograph carefully explores methods of and barriers to diagnostic technology assessment and describes both the rationale and the guidelines for meaningful evaluation. While proposing a multi-institutional approach, it emphasizes some of the problems involved and defines a mechanism for improving the evaluation and use of medical technology and essential resources needed to enhance patient care.
Author | : Ting-Ting Yao Lin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Kerm Henriksen |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 526 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : |
v. 1. Research findings -- v. 2. Concepts and methodology -- v. 3. Implementation issues -- v. 4. Programs, tools and products.
Author | : Jacqueline Leighton |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 353 |
Release | : 2007-05-14 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 1139464280 |
With the current push toward educational reform, there is great potential for innovation and change, particularly in large scale testing. One area where change is possible is in cognitive diagnostic assessment. Researchers in educational measurement and cognitive psychology are finally in a position to design tests targeted specifically for providing valuable information about students' cognitive strengths and weaknesses. This self-contained volume organizes what is known about cognitive diagnostic assessment in education, including its conceptual and philosophical basis, methods, and applications. The complete list of topics includes educational demand, philosophical rationale, construct validity, cognitive methods, test construction, statistical models, and unresolved issues (e.g., how to best translate diagnostic information into teaching practices). Leighton and Gierl present a comprehensive and up-to-date examination of cognitive diagnostic assessment in education.
Author | : David A. Schum |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 68 |
Release | : 1969 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
The report describes three experimental evaluations of a procedure for aiding men in combining probabilistic (inconclusive) information. The procedure is called 'Semi PIP' (Probabilistic Information Processing). In the semi PIP procedures, a computer relieves man of part of the task of combining probabilistic evidence. The experiments involved a simulated military threat-diagnosis task in which probabilistic data are used as a basis for deciding among alternative hypothesized threats. The Semi PIP was compared with an unaided procedure called POP (Posterior Probability), and both procedures compared with a mathematically ideal combination of evidence (Bayes' theorem). It was found from the three experiments that: (1) overall, the difference between Semi PIP and POP performance was very slight; (2) POP was best when a small total amount of evidence accumulated very rapidly; and, (3) Semi PIP was slightly, though consistently, superior when the total amount of evidence to be evaluated was large, when the total diagnostic impact in a set of evidence was large, or when both these conditions prevailed. Specific implications of the results for diagnostic system design and for research on basic human inference processes are summarized. A glossary of key terms from Bayesian decision theory is included in the report. (Author).
Author | : Gord Taylor |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 182 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : Buses |
ISBN | : |