Evaluation Of A Public Health Surveillance System
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| Author | : Marisa Peyre |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 326 |
| Release | : 2022-04-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030827275 |
This book outlines essential elements of the evaluation of health surveillance within the One Health concept. It provides an introduction to basic theoretical notions of evaluation and vividly discusses related challenges. Expert authors cover the entire spectrum of available, innovative methods, from those for system process evaluations to methods for the economic evaluation of the surveillance strategies. Each chapter provides a detailed description of the methodology required and the tools available as illustrated by practical examples of animal health or One Health surveillance evaluations in both developed and developing countries. Targeting not only scientists, including epidemiologists, but also technical advisers of decision-makers, the present work is suitable for the evaluation of any type of health surveillance system - animal, human or combined - regardless of the socio-economic context. The volume is richly equipped with practical tools and examples, which enables the reader to apply the methods described. Increasing importance of health surveillance, and threats from disease outbreaks such as the coronavirus pandemic, underline the practical relevance of this work, which will fill an important gap in the literature.
| Author | : Steven M. Teutsch |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 422 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0195138279 |
"This text presents an organized approach to planning, developing, and implementing public health surveillance systems. It has a broad scope, discussing legal and ethical issues as well as technical problems"--Jacket cover.
| Author | : Lindsay Sanders |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 75 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Information storage and retrieval systems |
| ISBN | : 9781109796193 |
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the electronic laboratory reporting (ELR) system between the Alaska Native Medical Center and the State of Alaska Department of Health and Social Services Division of Public Health Section of Epidemiology (SOE). Several disease conditions are required by law to be reported to the State, including the six conditions used as a sample in this analysis: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, Hepatitis A, B, and C, and Salmonella. These conditions made up 94% of the infectious disease reports made to SOE in 2004. Evaluation followed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and included analysis of several attributes: simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, and stability. The system was found to be very effective and efficient, with high degrees of simplicity, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity (generally), predictive values positive, and stability. However, it was found not to be very flexible to new demands, sensitivity was low for Salmonella, and timeliness and some characteristics of representativeness were not tracked; all of which need to be improved in the future. In addition to the system analysis, a nationwide survey was conducted to determine the progress toward implementing ELR in each state. Approximately 62% of the surveys were returned, and the responses revealed that most of the respondents are or will be implementing ELR in the near future.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 197 |
| Release | : 2019-07-19 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309492688 |
Physical activity has far-reaching benefits for physical, mental, emotional, and social health and well-being for all segments of the population. Despite these documented health benefits and previous efforts to promote physical activity in the U.S. population, most Americans do not meet current public health guidelines for physical activity. Surveillance in public health is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data, which can then be used for planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice. Surveillance of physical activity is a core public health function that is necessary for monitoring population engagement in physical activity, including participation in physical activity initiatives. Surveillance activities are guided by standard protocols and are used to establish baseline data and to track implementation and evaluation of interventions, programs, and policies that aim to increase physical activity. However, physical activity is challenging to assess because it is a complex and multidimensional behavior that varies by type, intensity, setting, motives, and environmental and social influences. The lack of surveillance systems to assess both physical activity behaviors (including walking) and physical activity environments (such as the walkability of communities) is a critical gap. Implementing Strategies to Enhance Public Health Surveillance of Physical Activity in the United States develops strategies that support the implementation of recommended actions to improve national physical activity surveillance. This report also examines and builds upon existing recommended actions.
| Author | : Joseph S. Lombardo |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 326 |
| Release | : 2012-11-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1118569059 |
An up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of biosurveillance techniques With the worldwide awareness of bioterrorism and drug-resistant infectious diseases, the need for surveillance systems to accurately detect emerging epidemicsis essential for maintaining global safety. Responding to these issues, Disease Surveillance brings together fifteen eminent researchers in the fields of medicine, epidemiology, biostatistics, and medical informatics to define the necessary elements of an effective disease surveillance program, including research, development, implementation, and operations. The surveillance systems and techniques presented in the text are designed to best utilize modern technology, manage emerging public health threats, and adapt to environmental changes. Following a historical overview detailing the need for disease surveillance systems, the text is divided into the following three parts: Part One sets forth the informatics knowledge needed to implement a disease surveillance system, including a discussion of data sources currently used in syndromic surveillance systems. Part Two provides case studies of modern disease surveillance systems, including cases that highlight implementation and operational difficulties as well as the successes experienced by health departments in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia. Part Three addresses practical issues concerning the evaluation of disease surveillance systems and the education of future informatics and disease surveillance practitioners. It also assesses how future technology will shape the field of disease surveillance. This book's multidisciplinary approach is ideal for public health professionals who need to understand all the facets within a disease surveillance program and implement the technology needed to support surveillance activities. An outline of the components needed for a successful disease surveillance system combined with extensive use of case studies makes this book well-suited as a textbook for public health informatics courses
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 425 |
| Release | : 2003-09-29 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 030908928X |
Food safety regulators face a daunting task: crafting food safety performance standards and systems that continue in the tradition of using the best available science to protect the health of the American public, while working within an increasingly antiquated and fragmented regulatory framework. Current food safety standards have been set over a period of years and under diverse circumstances, based on a host of scientific, legal, and practical constraints. Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food lays the groundwork for creating new regulations that are consistent, reliable, and ensure the best protection for the health of American consumers. This book addresses the biggest concerns in food safetyâ€"including microbial disease surveillance plans, tools for establishing food safety criteria, and issues specific to meat, dairy, poultry, seafood, and produce. It provides a candid analysis of the problems with the current system, and outlines the major components of the task at hand: creating workable, streamlined food safety standards and practices.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 252 |
| Release | : 2011-01-25 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 030918763X |
Following the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the anthrax letters, the ability to detect biological threats as quickly as possible became a top priority. In 2003 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) introduced the BioWatch program-a federal monitoring system intended to speed detection of specific biological agents that could be released in aerosolized form during a biological attack. The present volume evaluates the costs and merits of both the current BioWatch program and the plans for a new generation of BioWatch devices. BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance also examines infectious disease surveillance through hospitals and public health agencies in the United States, and considers whether BioWatch and traditional infectious disease surveillance are redundant or complementary.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 284 |
| Release | : 2007-11-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309111145 |
Early detection is essential to the control of emerging, reemerging, and novel infectious diseases, whether naturally occurring or intentionally introduced. Containing the spread of such diseases in a profoundly interconnected world requires active vigilance for signs of an outbreak, rapid recognition of its presence, and diagnosis of its microbial cause, in addition to strategies and resources for an appropriate and efficient response. Although these actions are often viewed in terms of human public health, they also challenge the plant and animal health communities. Surveillance, defined as "the continual scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control", involves the "systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data." Disease detection and diagnosis is the act of discovering a novel, emerging, or reemerging disease or disease event and identifying its cause. Diagnosis is "the cornerstone of effective disease control and prevention efforts, including surveillance." Disease surveillance and detection relies heavily on the astute individual: the clinician, veterinarian, plant pathologist, farmer, livestock manager, or agricultural extension agent who notices something unusual, atypical, or suspicious and brings this discovery in a timely way to the attention of an appropriate representative of human public health, veterinary medicine, or agriculture. Most developed countries have the ability to detect and diagnose human, animal, and plant diseases. Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges-Finding Solutions, Workshop Summary is part of a 10 book series and summarizes the recommendations and presentations of the workshop.
| Author | : Amy A. Eyler |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 409 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0190224657 |
Prevention, Policy, and Public Health provides a basic foundation for students, professionals, and researchers to be more effective in the policy arena. It offers information on the dynamics of the policymaking process, theoretical frameworks, analysis, and policy applications. It also offers coverage of advocacy and communication, the two most integral aspects of shaping policies for public health.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 397 |
| Release | : 2003-08-25 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309185548 |
Infectious diseases are a global hazard that puts every nation and every person at risk. The recent SARS outbreak is a prime example. Knowing neither geographic nor political borders, often arriving silently and lethally, microbial pathogens constitute a grave threat to the health of humans. Indeed, a majority of countries recently identified the spread of infectious disease as the greatest global problem they confront. Throughout history, humans have struggled to control both the causes and consequences of infectious diseases and we will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. Following up on a high-profile 1992 report from the Institute of Medicine, Microbial Threats to Health examines the current state of knowledge and policy pertaining to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases from around the globe. It examines the spectrum of microbial threats, factors in disease emergence, and the ultimate capacity of the United States to meet the challenges posed by microbial threats to human health. From the impact of war or technology on disease emergence to the development of enhanced disease surveillance and vaccine strategies, Microbial Threats to Health contains valuable information for researchers, students, health care providers, policymakers, public health officials. and the interested public.
