Essai critique sur la théorie des obligations en droit privé

Essai critique sur la théorie des obligations en droit privé
Author: Clotilde Aubry de Maromont (juriste).)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 558
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

Comme toute entreprise de connaissance, les théories juridiques amènent à simplifier la réalité envisagée, à laquelle elles renvoient pourtant, pour en saisir méthodiquement les contours. La difficulté de taille dans le domaine tient toutefois au fait que les théories ne se distinguent pas bien du droit qu’elles prétendent étudier car elles cherchent directement à l’influencer. Le droit positif subit donc lui-même les affres de la simplification. Le régime général des obligations qui vient d’être consacré dans la loi à l’occasion de la réforme de 2016 est symptomatique de cet écueil. Il est le fruit d’une systématisation, celle de la théorie des obligations en droit privé, qui repose sur la projection d’un système juridique en une image unique, l’obligation. Par une démarche épistémologique et historique, la thèse invite à porter un regard critique sur les constructions savantes de la doctrine. Privilégiant l’esprit de logique et l’abstraction sur l’analyse du réel, la théorie des obligations construit des représentations plus qu’elle ne considère la fonction sociale des règles qu’elle étudie. La représentation du « lien-obligation » est ainsi imaginée pour synthétiser le rapport économique existant entre un débiteur et un créancier, tandis que la représentation du « bien-obligation » est inventée pour introduire une conception plus patrimoniale de la matière. La thèse propose donc de s’éloigner de l’approche conceptualiste à l’œuvre, afin d’étudier les règles du droit des obligations dans leur contexte. La logique anachronique qui vise à transposer les conceptions de la pensée juridique moderne dans l’histoire peut ainsi être dépassée, et permettre de découvrir le droit des obligations comme une discipline récente, ancrée dans les sciences sociales, qui a émergé sous l’influence du libéralisme économique et politique. Les fonctions sociales des règles du régime des obligations, récemment réformées, peuvent dès lors être appréhendées par-delà les concepts.

The Decline of Private Law

The Decline of Private Law
Author: Gonçalo de Almeida Ribeiro
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2019-05-02
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1509907920

This book is a large-scale historical reconstruction of liberal legalism, from its inception in the mid-nineteenth century, the moment in which the jurists forged the alliance between political liberalism and legal expertise embodied in classical private law doctrine, to the contemporary anxiety about the possibility of both a liberal solution to the problem of political justification and of law as a respectable form of expert knowledge. Each stage in the history is a moment of synthesis between a substantive and a methodological idea. The former is the liberal political theory of the period, purporting to provide a solution to the problem of political justification. The latter is a conception of legal method or science, supposedly vindicating the access of the expert to the political choices embodied in the law. Thus, each moment in the history of liberal legalism integrates a political theory with a jurisprudential conception. Although it reaches the unsettling conclusion that liberal legalism has largely failed by its own standards, the book urges us to avoid quietism, scepticism or cynicism, in the hope that a deeper understanding of the fragility of our values and institutions inspires a more thoughtful, broadminded and nurtured citizenship.

Ancient Egyptian Wisdom for the Internet

Ancient Egyptian Wisdom for the Internet
Author: Anna Mancini
Publisher: University Press of America
Total Pages: 180
Release: 2002
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9780761823780

Western law, based on agriculture and industry, cannot deal with the virtual worlds created by the Internet, argues Mancini. The ancient Romans and Egyptians, on the other hand, were adept at virtuality, an intangible world that intersected with the tangible one, and it is to their laws that she turns for new frameworks and practices. Her study was accepted at a doctoral dissertation at the French National Scientific Research Center Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The Foundations of European Private Law

The Foundations of European Private Law
Author: Roger Brownsword
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 499
Release: 2011-09-19
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1847317901

There remains an urgent need for a deeper discussion of the theoretical, political and federal dimensions of the European codification project. While much valuable work has already been undertaken, the chapters in this volume take as their starting point the proposition that further reflection and critical thought will enhance the quality and efficacy of the on-going work of the various codification bodies. The volume contains chapters by representatives of the Common Frame of Reference, the Study Group and the Acquis Group as well as by those who have not been involved in particular projects but who have previously commented more distantly on their work - for instance those belonging to the Trento Group, and the Social Justice Group. The chapters between them represent the most comprehensive attempt so far to survey the state of the codification project, its theoretical, political and federal foundations and the future prospects for enforcement and compliance.

Justicia e Internet, una filosofía del derecho para el mundo Virtual

Justicia e Internet, una filosofía del derecho para el mundo Virtual
Author: Anna MANCINI
Publisher: BUENOS BOOKS AMERICA LLC
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2004-03
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1932848002

Nuestro derecho y su filosof a fueron concebidos para un mundo econ mico material signado por el reparto de la escasez y por la divisi n en territorios. El enfoque positivo del derecho no se puede concebir sin el criterio territorial. Por ejemplo, siendo el criterio territorial su piedra angular, basta quitarle el concepto de territorio para que se derrumbe la Teor a pura del derecho de KELSEN. As es f cil entender que el mundo virtualde Internet marcado por la abundancia en vez de las limitaciones, sin territorios y sin materialidad, no se pueda regular eficazmente con nuestros principios jur dicos y filos ficos usuales. En Internet, a n el concepto de la justicia de Arist teles, que distribuye a cada persona lo suyo y que reparte los bienes materiales, no sirve de nada. Sin embargo, s lo esta concepci n de la justicia-reparto prevalece en nuestro mundo moderno. Incluso John RAWLS ha basado su Teor a de la justicia sobre este fundamento. A pesar de que en el mbito jur dico, s lo tenemos este concepto de justicia y sus variantes, el mismo no se puede aplicar eficazmente al mundo virtual. Este libro propone una filosof a de la justicia y principios de acci n jur dica adecuados para acompa ar eficazmente el desarrollo de Internet y del mundo de la informaci n.

Equity in the Civil Law Tradition

Equity in the Civil Law Tradition
Author: Renato Beneduzi
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 180
Release: 2021-07-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3030780678

This is a book on “equity in the civil law tradition” from the double perspective of legal history and comparative law. It is intended not only for civil lawyers who want to better understand the role and history of equity in their own legal tradition, but also – and perhaps more saliently – for common lawyers who are curious about why the history of equity has unfolded so differently on the continent of Europe and in Latin America. The author begins with the investigation of the philosophical foundations of the Western notion of equity in the teachings of Plato and Aristotle and of how their ideas affected the works of the great Attic orators (chapter 2). He then addresses the way in which Roman law turned this notion into a legal concept of considerable practical importance (chapter 3) and how it survived the fall of Rome and was later elaborated in the Middle Ages by civilists and canonists (chapter 4). Subsequently, the author analyses how the notion of equity was dealt with in the Modern Era by legal humanists, Protestant and Catholic theologians, scholars of the usus modernus pandectarum and of Roman-Dutch law, and then by legal rationalism and the philosophers of the Enlightenment (chapter 5). He then deals with the history of equity on the continent since the fragmentation of the ius commune and the codifications of the nineteenth century and with its reception in Latin America (chapter 6). Finally, the author offers some closing remarks on the fundamental equivocalness (or relativity, as some scholars put it) of the notion of equity in the civil law tradition today (conclusion).

Comparative Law

Comparative Law
Author: Uwe Kischel
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 1099
Release: 2019-02-21
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0192508873

Uwe Kischel's comprehensive treatise on comparative law offers a critical introduction to the central tenets of comparative legal scholarship. The first part of the book is dedicated to general aspects of comparative law. The controversial question of methods, in particular, is addressed by explaining and discussing different approaches, and by developing a contextual approach that seeks to engage with real-world issues and takes a practical perspective on contemporary comparative legal scholarship. The second part of the book offers a detailed treatment of the major legal contexts across the globe, including common law, civil law systems (based on Germany and France, and extended to Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, and Latin America, among others), the African context (with an emphasis on customary law), different contexts in Asia, Islamic law and law in Islamic countries (plus a brief treatment of Jewish law and canon law), and transnational contexts (public international law, European Union law, and lex mercatoria). The book offers a coherent treatment of global legal systems that aims not only to describe their varying norms and legal institutions but to propose a better way of seeking to understand how the overall context of legal systems influences legal thinking and legal practice.

New Voices and New Perspectives in International Economic Law

New Voices and New Perspectives in International Economic Law
Author: John D. Haskell
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2019-12-10
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3030325121

This book brings together a series of contributions by international legal scholars that explore a range of subjects and themes in the field of international economic law and global economic governance through a variety of methodological and theoretical lenses. It introduces the reader to a number of different ways of constructing and approaching the study of international economic law. The book deals with a series of different theoretical agendas and perspectives ranging from the more traditional (empirical legal studies) to the more alternative (language theory) and it expands the scope of substantive discussion and thematic coverage beyond the usual suspects of international trade, international investment and international finance. While the volume still gives due recognition to the traditional theoretical project of international economic law, it invites the reader to extend the scope of disciplinary imagination to other, less commonly acknowledged questions of global economic governance such as food security, monetary unions, and international economic coercion. In addition to historically-focused and critical perspectives, the volume also includes a number of programmatic and forward-looking explorations, which makes it appealing to a broad audience with a variety of contrasting interests. Therefore, the volume is of particular interest to academics and postgraduate students in the fields of international law, international relations, international political economy, and international history.