Assessing and Managing the Ecological Impacts of Paved Roads

Assessing and Managing the Ecological Impacts of Paved Roads
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 325
Release: 2006-01-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0309100887

All phases of road developmentâ€"from construction and use by vehicles to maintenanceâ€"affect physical and chemical soil conditions, water flow, and air and water quality, as well as plants and animals. Roads and traffic can alter wildlife habitat, cause vehicle-related mortality, impede animal migration, and disperse nonnative pest species of plants and animals. Integrating environmental considerations into all phases of transportation is an important, evolving process. The increasing awareness of environmental issues has made road development more complex and controversial. Over the past two decades, the Federal Highway Administration and state transportation agencies have increasingly recognized the importance of the effects of transportation on the natural environment. This report provides guidance on ways to reconcile the different goals of road development and environmental conservation. It identifies the ecological effects of roads that can be evaluated in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of roads and offers several recommendations to help better understand and manage ecological impacts of paved roads.

A Guide for Achieving Flexibility in Highway Design

A Guide for Achieving Flexibility in Highway Design
Author:
Publisher: AASHTO
Total Pages: 138
Release: 2004
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1560512598

Context-sensitive solutions (CSS) reflect the need to consider highway projects as more than just transportation facilities. Depending on how highway projects are integrated into the community, they can have far-reaching impacts beyond their traffic or transportation function. CSS is a comprehensive process that brings stakeholders together in a positive, proactive environment to develop projects that not only meet transportation needs, but also improve or enhance the community. Achieving a flexible, context-sensitive design solution requires designers to fully understand the reasons behind the processes, design values, and design procedures that are used. This AASHTO Guide shows highway designers how to think flexibly, how to recognize the many choices and options they have, and how to arrive at the best solution for the particular situation or context. It also strives to emphasize that flexible design does not necessarily entail a fundamentally new design process, but that it can be integrated into the existing transportation culture. This publication represents a major step toward institutionalizing CSS into state transportation departments and other agencies charged with transportation project development.

Railroad - Highway Grade Crossing Handbook

Railroad - Highway Grade Crossing Handbook
Author: United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Engineering. Railroads and Utilities Branch
Publisher:
Total Pages: 260
Release: 1978
Genre: Railroad crossings
ISBN:

This handbook briefly describes how growth of railroads and highways resulted in a proliferation of grade crossings and then discusses the variety of methods developed to warn pedestrians and vehicles of approaching trains. It is aimed primarily at providing railroad, state and municipal personnel with information which can help in cooperative efforts to improve grade crossing safety and efficiency. The book describes conditions and requirements at crossing; facilitates understanding of the elements of crossing systems; provides a compendium of existing grade crossing technology; serves as a guideline to aid in implementing improvements to grade crossings; aids in understanding and applying new technology; and serves as a basic text for training programs.