An Economic Comparison of Super-energy-efficient Houses to Standard Built Houses

An Economic Comparison of Super-energy-efficient Houses to Standard Built Houses
Author: Mitchell J. Kellermeyer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

Abstract: The U.S. Green Building Council stated buildings are responsible for 36 percent of total energy use and 65% of electricity consumption, 30 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, 30 percent of raw material use, 30 percent of waste output and 12 percent of potable water use (ULI- the Urban Land Institute 2008). According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, residential buildings (homes) alone account for 22% of national energy use and 21% of carbon dioxide emissions. With the high amount of energy used by buildings including homes, there will be a greater need for coal. By 2030 an estimated 80 percent more coal will be needed, shifting the U.S. to have to import more coal from other countries (Heinberg). Emissions from buildings are also considered a contributing factor that is changing our climate. (Problems: Global Change and Global Warming). For the past few decades, various energy efficient building technologies have been developed. However, energy efficient homes are still limited nationwide. In 2006, only 200,000 out of 1,801,000 new houses built earned the Energy Star for their energy efficiency (EPA 2007). To be qualified for Energy Star the house must be 15 percent more energy efficient than homes built to the 2004 International Residential Code (EPA 2007). Based on an article titled, "Energy Consumption," energy efficiency can be increased for buildings by reducing air infiltration with weather-stripping and caulking, providing good insulation in walls and attic spaces, controlling temperature in the house with programmable thermostats, and properly maintaining heating and cooling systems (Secondary Energy Infobook). An example of an energy efficient home would be Allen Zimmerman's home. The home had an average total annual electric energy consumption of 5.5 kWh per square foot. Similar homes in central and northern Ohio that are powered solely by electricity have an annual consumption of 9.3 to 11.7 kWh per square foot. Energy efficient building methods implemented in this case included using 2 by 6 stud walls spaced 24 inches on center, placing the specific rooms facing directions to avoid excessive solar gain, determining appropriate window sizes and locations, installing raised-heel trusses to allow more insulation in the attic and a larger overhang to provide maximum shading in the summer, installing an automatic ventilation system, and using energy-efficient fluorescent lamps (Zimmerman 2007). Super-energy-efficient (SEE) homes are based on system design and precision construction to improve the efficiency of homes by around 50 percent. With 56 percent of annual energy bills coming from heating and cooling, finding ways to improve the energy efficiency of the home by reducing the heating and cooling loads is important (Global Green USA 2007). This could be achieved through 2 by 6 walls spaced 24 inches on center to allow better wall insulation, extra interior and exterior finishes, modified framing for added insulation in the attic, and better air barriers around doors and windows. SEE Homes are known in the residential construction industry, but they are not practiced often. Potential increase in construction costs is prohibitive to both homebuilders and buyers. Some people assume that the home will be weaker if the studs are spaced out 24 inches on center instead of 16 inches on center. This is a myth and has not been proved to cause weaknesses in the house. Some also think that making the house too air tight will cause stuffiness to the occupants. But if a proper ventilation system is installed the house can be made more air tight without causing any indoor air quality problems. Another reason SEE homes are less common is because of the lack of knowledge and experience on the contractor's side to build them. The wide acceptance and implementation of SEE home building technologies could take a little extra time and the positive changes would significantly reduce energy consumption in the U.S. This research aims to tackle several major impediments that prevent SEE homes from being widely built in America.