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| Author | : Nikola Tesla |
| Publisher | : Simon and Schuster |
| Total Pages | : 17 |
| Release | : 2015-08-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1681463539 |
Nikola Tesla was a genius who revolutionized how the world looks at electricity. In 1893 he patented an electro-mechanical oscillator as a steam-powered electric generator. By his own account, one version of the oscillator caused an earthquake in New York City in 1898, for which it was accorded the moniker, "Tesla's earthquake machine."
| Author | : A. A. Andronov |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 848 |
| Release | : 2013-10-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1483194728 |
Theory of Oscillators presents the applications and exposition of the qualitative theory of differential equations. This book discusses the idea of a discontinuous transition in a dynamic process. Organized into 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the simplest type of oscillatory system in which the motion is described by a linear differential equation. This text then examines the character of the motion of the representative point along the hyperbola. Other chapters consider examples of two basic types of non-linear non-conservative systems, namely, dissipative systems and self-oscillating systems. This book discusses as well the discontinuous self-oscillations of a symmetrical multi-vibrator neglecting anode reaction. The final chapter deals with the immense practical importance of the stability of physical systems containing energy sources particularly control systems. This book is a valuable resource for electrical engineers, scientists, physicists, and mathematicians.
| Author | : Jan R. Westra |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2013-04-17 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1475761171 |
In many electronic systems, such as telecommunication or measurement systems, oscillations play an essential role in the information processing. Each electronic system poses different requirements on these oscillations, depending on the type and performance level of that specific system. It is the designer's challenge to find the specifications for the desired oscillation and to implement an electronic circuit meeting these specifications. As the desired oscillations have to fulfill many requirements, the design process can become very complex. To find an optimal solution, the designer requires a design methodology that is preferably completely top-down oriented. To achieve such a methodology, it must be assured that each property of the system can be optimized independently of all other properties. Oscillators and Oscillator Systems: Classification, Analysis and Synthesis takes a systematic approach to the design of high-performance oscillators and oscillator systems. A fundamental classification of oscillators, based on their internal timing references, forms the basis of this approach. The classification enables the designer to make strategic design decisions at a high hierarchical level of the design process. Techniques, derived from the systematic approach, are supplied to the designer to enable him or her to bring the performance of the system as close as possible to the fundamental limits. Oscillators and Oscillator Systems: Classification, Analysis and Synthesis is an excellent reference for researchers and circuit designers, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.
| Author | : Eric Vittoz |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 219 |
| Release | : 2010-08-03 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9048193958 |
Electronic oscillators using an electromechanical device as a frequency reference are irreplaceable components of systems-on-chip for time-keeping, carrier frequency generation and digital clock generation. With their excellent frequency stability and very large quality factor Q, quartz crystal resonators have been the dominant solution for more than 70 years. But new possibilities are now offered by micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) resonators, that have a qualitatively identical equivalent electrical circuit. Low-Power Crystal and MEMS Oscillators concentrates on the analysis and design of the most important schemes of integrated oscillator circuits. It explains how these circuits can be optimized by best exploiting the very high Q of the resonator to achieve the minimum power consumption compatible with the requirements on frequency stability and phase noise. The author has 40 years of experience in designing very low-power, high-performance quartz oscillators for watches and other battery operated systems and has accumulated most of the material during this period. Some additional original material related to phase noise has been added. The explanations are mainly supported by analytical developments, whereas computer simulation is limited to numerical examples. The main part is dedicated to the most important Pierce circuit, with a full design procedure illustrated by examples. Symmetrical circuits that became popular for modern telecommunication systems are analyzed in a last chapter.
| Author | : Liang Dai |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 170 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461511453 |
Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.
| Author | : Liang Dai |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 186 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 9781402072383 |
Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.
| Author | : Ali Hajimiri |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 214 |
| Release | : 2007-05-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0306481995 |
It is hardly a revelation to note that wireless and mobile communications have grown tremendously during the last few years. This growth has placed stringent requi- ments on channel spacing and, by implication, on the phase noise of oscillators. C- pounding the challenge has been a recent drive toward implementations of transceivers in CMOS, whose inferior 1/f noise performance has usually been thought to disqualify it from use in all but the lowest-performance oscillators. Low noise oscillators are also highly desired in the digital world, of course. The c- tinued drive toward higher clock frequencies translates into a demand for ev- decreasing jitter. Clearly, there is a need for a deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms g- erning the process by which device, substrate, and supply noise turn into jitter and phase noise. Existing models generally offer only qualitative insights, however, and it has not always been clear why they are not quantitatively correct.
| Author | : Emad Eldin Hegazi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 212 |
| Release | : 2006-07-18 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0387233652 |
try to predict it using mathematical expressions. His heuristic model without mathematical proof is almost universally accepted. However, it entails a c- cuit specific noise factor that is not known a priori and so is not predictive. In this work, we attempt to address the topic of oscillator design from a diff- ent perspective. By introducing a new paradigm that accurately captures the subtleties of phase noise we try to answer the question: 'why do oscillators behave in a particular way?' and 'what can be done to build an optimum design?' It is also hoped that the paradigm is useful in other areas of circuit design such as frequency synthesis and clock recovery. In Chapter 1, a general introduction and motivation to the subject is presented. Chapter 2 summarizes the fundamentals of phase noise and timing jitter and discusses earlier works on oscillator's phase noise analysis. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 analyze the physical mechanisms behind phase noise generation in current-biased and Colpitts oscillators. Chapter 5 discusses design trade-offs and new techniques in LC oscillator design that allows optimal design. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 discuss a topic that is typically ignored in oscillator design. That is flicker noise in LC oscillators. Finally, Chapter 8 is dedicated to the complete analysis of the role of varactors both in tuning and AM-FM noise conversion.
| Author | : Irving Gottlieb |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 259 |
| Release | : 1997-06-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080539386 |
Oscillators have traditionally been described in books for specialist needs and as such have suffered from being inaccessible to the practitioner. This book takes a practical approach and provides much-needed insights into the design of oscillators, the servicing of systems heavily dependent upon them and the tailoring of practical oscillators to specific demands. To this end maths and formulae are kept to a minimum and only used where appropriate to an understanding of the theory. Once grasped, the theory of the general oscillator is easily put into practical use in actual oscillators. The final two chapters present a collection of oscillators from which the practising engineer or the hobbyist can obtain useful guidance for many kinds of projects. Irving Gottlieb is a leading author of many books for practising engineers, technicians and students of electronic and electrical engineering. First Newnes title by this best-selling author Clarity and crispness in an often obscure field
