Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Assembly On Seedlings Of A Neotropical Monodominant Tree
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| Author | : Carolyn A Delevich |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 39 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Caesalpiniaceae |
| ISBN | : |
Formation of ectomycorrhizae may facilitate early seedling survival of ectomycorrhizal tree species due to enhanced nutrient acquisition. This could be especially important in heavily shaded understories of tropical monodominant forests where host plant photosynthetic capacity is limited. Little information is available on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal colonization or community development of monodominant seedling cohorts, which have high survival rates. Following a 2016 mast seeding event, we sequentially measured percent colonization and species composition of ECM fungi on live and recently dead seedlings of the tropical monodominant tree Dicymbe corymbosa. We also compared seedling ECM fungi to those of nearby adult conspecifics. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities were remarkably different between seedling age classes, as well as between seedlings and adults. While the /russula-lactarius and /tomentella-thelephora lineages were species-rich throughout, there was 80-90% species turnover between 6- and 12-month-old seedlings. There was no difference in age-class fungal communities across sampling plots, indicating little spatial effect. Fungal colonization extent did not correlate with seedling age or differ markedly between live and dead seedlings. The number of ECM morphotypes increased with seedling age and tended to be greater on live versus dead seedlings. Interspecific competition between ECM fungi or soil nutrient fluxes may influence community assembly of ECM fungi in this tropical monodominant host tree.
| Author | : Amadou M. Bâ |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 298 |
| Release | : 2016-04-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1466594691 |
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis plays a major role in biodiversity and stability of ecosystems in tropical forests. It is a research imperative in tropical and neotropical forest ecosystems because they contain ecologically and economically important tree species. This book provides an overview of the knowledge of ECM symbioses in tropical and neotropica
| Author | : Krista L. McGuire |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 278 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Mohamed Hijri |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 139 |
| Release | : 2018-10-19 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 2889455440 |
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi that plays a major role in ecosystem function and diversification, as well as its stability and productivity. It also plays a key role in the biology and ecology of forest trees, affecting growth, water and nutrient absorption and protection against soil-borne pathogens. However, the mycorrhizal research in tropical and neotropical ecosystems remains largely unexplored despite its importance in tropical and neotropical ecosystems. These ecosystems represent more than 0.6% of the total land ecosystems and they have a crucial role in the Earth’s biogeochemical cycling and climate. Threats to tropical forest biodiversity should therefore encourage investigations and inventories of mycorrhizal diversity, function and ecology in tropical latitudes because they concern ecologically and economically important plant species. This Research Topic aims to provide an overview of the knowledge of mycorrhizal symbioses in tropical and neotropical ecosystems. For this Research Topic, we welcome articles that address the diversity, ecology and function of mycorrhiza associated with plants, the impacts of mycorrhiza on plant diversity and composition, the regeneration and dynamics of ecosystems, and biomass production in ecosystems.
| Author | : Thomas R. Horton |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 299 |
| Release | : 2015-11-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401773955 |
The last 25 years have seen significant advances in our understanding of the mycorrhizal fungi that colonize most of the world’s plants, and the mycorrhizal networks that form and extend into the soil beyond plant roots. In addition to a thorough review of recent research on mycorrhizal networks, this book provides readers with alternative perspectives. The book is organized into three sections: Network Structure, Nutrient Dynamics, and the Mutualism-Parasitism Continuum. Chapter 1 addresses the specificity of ectomycorrhizal symbionts and its role in plant communities, and provides an updated list of terms and definitions. Chapter 2 explores interactions between symbionts in mycorrhizal fungi networks, as well as interactions between fungal individuals. The second section of the book begins with the examination in Chapter 3 of extramatrical mycelium (mycelia beyond the root tips) in ectomycorrhizal fungi, focused on carbon and nitrogen. Chapter 4 reviews the influence of mycorrhizal networks on outcomes of plant competition in arbuscular mycorrhizal plant communities. Chapter 5 discusses nutrient movement between plants through networks with a focus on the magnitude, fate and importance of mycorrhiza-derived nutrients in ectomycorrhizal plants. Section 3 opens with a review of research on the role of ectomycorrhizal networks on seedling establishment in a primary successional habitat, in Chapter 6. The focus of Chapter 7 is on facilitation and antagonism in arbuscular mycorrhizal networks. Chapter 8 explores the unique networking dynamic of Alnus, which differs from most ectomycorrhizal plant hosts in forming isolated networks with little direct connections to networks of other host species in a forest. Chapter 9 argues that most experiments have not adequately tested the role of mycorrhizal networks on plant community dynamics, and suggests more tests to rule out alternative hypotheses to carbon movement between plants, especially those that include experimental manipulations of the mycorrhizal networks. Plant ecologists have accumulated a rich body of knowledge regarding nutrient acquisition by plants. The editor proposes that research indicating that mycorrhizal fungi compete for nutrients, which are then delivered to multiple hosts through mycorrhizal networks, represents an important new paradigm for plant ecologists.
| Author | : Kelvin S.-H. Peh |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 721 |
| Release | : 2024-10-07 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 1040130313 |
The Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology is an essential resource covering all aspects of forest ecology from a global perspective. This new edition has been fully revised and updated throughout to reflect the profound and unprecedented changes in both forests and climates since the publication of the first edition in 2015. The handbook reflects key developments in the field of forest dynamics and large-scale processes, as well as the changes that are now manifesting in different types of forests across the globe as a result of climate change. It covers both natural and managed forests, from boreal, temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world. In this second edition, the breadth of the handbook has been expanded with new chapters on mountain forests, monodominance, pathogens and invertebrate pests and amphibians and reptiles in forest ecosystems. Original author teams are complemented by the addition of new authors to offer fresh perspectives, and the second edition places greater emphasis on the applicability of each topic at a global level. The handbook is divided into seven parts: • Part I: The forest • Part II: Forest dynamics • Part III: Forest flora and fauna • Part IV: Energy and nutrients • Part V: Forest conservation and management • Part VI: Forest and climate change • Part VII: Human ecology The Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology is an essential reference text for a wide range of students and scholars of ecology, environmental science, forestry, geography and natural resource management.
| Author | : Stefan F. Hupperts |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 114 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Ectomycorrhizal fungi |
| ISBN | : |
The relationship between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi is fundamental for tree growth and survival, particularly in the boreal forests of North America where low temperatures inhibit decomposition and consequently limit nutrient availability. The responses of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities to large-scale disturbances and host phenology are not well known, but are important for restoring and predicting carbon and nutrient cycling. To that end, I investigated the ectomycorrhizal fungal community present on roots of outplanted seedlings in sites that captured a gradient of above and belowground disturbances. Additionally, I monitored the extracellular enzyme secretions of ectomycorrhizal fungi during four phenological stages (host dormancy, leaf flush, full leaf expansion, leaf abscission) of mature Populus tremuloides stands to assess the potential decomposing activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in relation to changes in tree physiology. Contrary to my prediction, there was no difference in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition across sites that differed in extent of above and belowground disturbances; composition was instead primarily affected by the species of seedling used to assay the soils. Further, I found relatively constant levels of enzyme secretions by ectomycorrhizas across phenological stages irrespective of the amount of carbon stored in roots, suggesting the enzymes I measured may be secreted to acquire nitrogen or phosphorus locked within organic matter. Additionally, potential enzyme activity was better predicted by the foraging strategy of ectomycorrhizal fungi, highlighting the functional roles of species. These findings emphasize the importance of planting a diverse community of trees in reclaimed soils to yield a diverse community of belowground fungi. Moreover, differences in potential enzyme activity of exploration types throughout phenological stages point to unique functional roles among fungi, which may change seasonally. Consequently, this research stresses the importance of restoring functional diversity in reconstructed ecosystems.
| Author | : Ashley Craig |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 88 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are symbionts on the roots of woody plant species throughout the world. These fungi provide plants with nutrients and are important drivers of ecosystem processes. ECM fungi vary in their effect on host plants and host-specificity, making them important considerations in restoration projects seeking to restore target tree species. Restoration strategies such as burning and thinning may have strong impacts on ECM fungi, and given the that ECM are important in structuring aboveground communities and maintaining certain dominant plant taxa, knowledge of ECM fungal response is needed to ensure restoration efforts succeed. Using molecular methods, this research aimed to identify the ECM fungal community in a restoration project in northern Mississippi, comparing the belowground fungal community on plant roots between replicated control and treatment plots. We also measured abiotic factors that may structure the ECM fungal community, including litter depth, canopy openness, burn regimen, and soil compaction. Results indicate that the ECM fungal community is very diverse with 175 operational taxon units recovered from sequence data, 106 OTUs only found once. The fungal species had high site fidelity, with site being the factor explaining the most variation in community structure. Taxa in the family Russulaceae represented the most abundant fungi found on roots, followed by Thelephoraceae. The abiotic factors measured accounted for only 10% of the variation in community structure, indicating that other unmeasured variables may account for the remaining variation in ECM community distribution. Spatial autocorrelation was found at one of the six plots, indicating similar ECM fungal species composition at scales greater than in the other 5 sites. This plot also had the greatest canopy openness and oak regeneration, suggesting that this greater spatial autocorrelation could be related to oak seedling facilitation. The restoration treatments did not have a strong impact on fungal community structure except in the Tallahatchie plots, where there was a strong difference between treatment and control plots. This study was the first assessment of belowground ECM fungal diversity in Mississippi, and will serve as a starting point for further investigation into shifts in the fungal community as a result of restoration.
| Author | : Amy Elizabeth Lindahl |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 226 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Blue oak |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Benedicte Marie-philippe Elanore Bachelot |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In chapter 1, I developed a theoretical model that combines competition between trees, predation by tree natural enemies, and mutualism with AM fungi, and showed that a subtle balance between negative and positive feedbacks is required to reach tree species coexistence. In chapters 2 and 3, I used empirical data collected from El Yunque (Puerto Rico) to gain a better understanding of the distribution of soil fungi and tree natural enemies in a secondary tropical forest and to test some of the assumptions of my theoretical model. In chapter 2, I found evidence that soil characteristics and the tree community were important to structure soil fungal communities, and I demonstrated long-lasting effects of past human land use. If AM fungi are important to promote tropical tree species coexistence as suggested by my theoretical model, past land use could influence tree species coexistence by altering AM fungal communities, emphasizing the need for additional studies about land use legacy effects on AM fungal communities.
