Dynamic Ecologies
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| Author | : Neil Murray |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 231 |
| Release | : 2014-01-13 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9400779720 |
This volume provides a fascinating glimpse into the complex language ecologies of Southeast Asia. Adopting a relational perspective, it considers their significance for the region, its peoples, the policy and practice of language teaching, learning and assessment and the fate of local languages. It gives particular prominence to the relationship between English and Chinese, it's likely transformation at a time of significant global change and the impact that these two languages and their synergy will have on the place of other languages and dialects. Dynamic Ecologies: A Relational Perspective on Languages Education in the Asia-Pacific Region draws on the research and insights of key scholars in the field and provides case studies that illustrate the impact of relevant language policy in countries including Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, South Korea and Australia.
| Author | : Marc Mangel |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780691085067 |
This book describes a powerful and flexible technique for the modeling of behavior, based on evolutionary principles. The technique employs stochastic dynamic programming and permits the analysis of behavioral adaptations wherein organisms respond to changes in their environment and in their own current physiological state. Models can be constructed to reflect sequential decisions concerned simultaneously with foraging, reproduction, predator avoidance, and other activities. The authors show how to construct and use dynamic behavioral models. Part I covers the mathematical background and computer programming, and then uses a paradigm of foraging under risk of predation to exemplify the general modeling technique. Part II consists of five "applied" chapters illustrating the scope of the dynamic modeling approach. They treat hunting behavior in lions, reproduction in insects, migrations of aquatic organisms, clutch size and parental care in birds, and movement of spiders and raptors. Advanced topics, including the study of dynamic evolutionarily stable strategies, are discussed in Part III.
| Author | : Mark Vellend |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2020-09-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0691208999 |
A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology—understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time—is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole. Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory—selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation—and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities. Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.
| Author | : Charles G. Curtin |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 595 |
| Release | : 2018-05-31 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 1108244335 |
From climate change to species extinction, humanity is confronted with an increasing array of societal and environmental challenges that defy simple quantifiable solutions. Complexity-based ecology provides a new paradigm for ecologists and conservationists keen to embrace the uncertainty that is pressed upon us. This book presents key research papers chosen by some sixty scholars from various continents, across a diverse span of sub-disciplines. The papers are set alongside first person commentary from many of the seminal voices involved, offering unprecedented access to experts' viewpoints. The works assembled also shed light on the process of science in general, showing how the shifting of wider perspectives allows for new ideas to take hold. Ideal for undergraduate and advanced students of ecology and conservation, their educators and those working across allied fields, this is the first book of its kind to focus on complexity-based approaches and provides a benchmark for future collected volumes.
| Author | : Melissa Leach |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 221 |
| Release | : 2010-08-12 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1136541667 |
Linking environmental sustainability with poverty reduction and social justice, and making science and technology work for the poor, have become central practical, political and moral challenges of our times. These must be met in a world of rapid, interconnected change in environments, societies and economies, and globalised, fragmented governance arrangements. Yet despite growing international attention and investment, policy attempts often fail. Why is this, and what can be done about it? How might we understand and address emergent threats from epidemic disease, or the challenges of water scarcity in dryland India? In the context of climate change, how might seed systems help African farmers meet their needs, and how might appropriate energy strategies be developed? This book lays out a new 'pathways approach' to address sustainability challenges such as these in today's dynamic world. Through an appreciation of dynamics, complexity, uncertainty, differing narratives and the values-based aims of sustainability, the pathways approach allows us to see how some approaches are dominant, even though they do not produce the desired results, and how to create successful alternative 'pathways' of responding to the challenges we face. As well as offering new ways of thinking about sustainability, the book also suggests a series of practical ways forward - in tools and methods, forms of political engagement, and styles of knowledge-making and communication. Throughout the book, the practicalities of the pathways approach are illustrated using four case studies: water in dryland India, agricultural seeds in Africa, responses to epidemic disease and energy systems/climate change. Published in association with the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
| Author | : Steward T.A. Pickett |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 489 |
| Release | : 2013-10-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080504957 |
Ecologists are aware of the importance of natural dynamics in ecosystems. Historically, the focus has been on the development in succession of equilibrium communities, which has generated an understanding of the composition and functioning of ecosystems. Recently, many have focused on the processes of disturbances and the evolutionary significance of such events. This shifted emphasis has inspired studies in diverse systems. The phrase "patch dynamics" (Thompson, 1978) describes their common focus. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics brings together the findings and ideas of those studying varied systems, presenting a synthesis of diverse individual contributions.
| Author | : Colin W. Clark |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 302 |
| Release | : 2000-02-10 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0195122666 |
This book introduces readers to a set of powerful and extremely flexible modeling techniques--starting at "square one"--and is ideal for students and scientists in behavior studies, ecology, anthropology, conservation biology, and related fields.
| Author | : Andrew P. Hendry |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 410 |
| Release | : 2020-06-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0691204179 |
In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter than the 'long lapse of ages' emphasized by Darwin - in fact, evolutionary change is occurring all around us all the time. This work provides an authoritative and accessible introduction to eco-evolutionary dynamics, a cutting-edge new field that seeks to unify evolution and ecology into a common conceptual framework focusing on rapid and dynamic environmental and evolutionary change.
| Author | : William R. Burch |
| Publisher | : Yale University Press |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2017-01-01 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0300137036 |
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- ONE: Introduction -- TWO: An Overview of the Model -- THREE: Lessons and Legacies -- FOUR: The Ecosystem Concept in Biology -- FIVE: The Roots of Human Ecology -- SIX: Key Components and Variables for Analyzing Human Ecosystems -- SEVEN: Goals, Strategies, and Tactics for Inquiry and Action -- EIGHT: Using the Model for Science during Crisis -- NINE: Revitalizing Human Communities and Reclaiming Biological Communities: The Baltimore Story -- TEN: Toward a More Perfect Civic Order: Lessons Learned from Research -- ELEVEN: Extending the Capability of the Model -- TWELVE: Leaning Forward: Future Challenges to Human Ecosystems -- THIRTEEN: Conclusion -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z
| Author | : Richard J. Hobbs |
| Publisher | : Island Press |
| Total Pages | : 366 |
| Release | : 2013-03-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1610911385 |
As scientific understanding about ecological processes has grown, the idea that ecosystem dynamics are complex, nonlinear, and often unpredictable has gained prominence. Of particular importance is the idea that rather than following an inevitable progression toward an ultimate endpoint, some ecosystems may occur in a number of states depending on past and present ecological conditions. The emerging idea of “restoration thresholds” also enables scientists to recognize when ecological systems are likely to recover on their own and when active restoration efforts are needed. Conceptual models based on alternative stable states and restoration thresholds can help inform restoration efforts. New Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration brings together leading experts from around the world to explore how conceptual models of ecosystem dynamics can be applied to the recovery of degraded systems and how recent advances in our understanding of ecosystem and landscape dynamics can be translated into conceptual and practical frameworks for restoration. In the first part of the book, background chapters present and discuss the basic concepts and models and explore the implications of new scientific research on restoration practice. The second part considers the dynamics and restoration of different ecosystems, ranging from arid lands to grasslands, woodlands, and savannahs, to forests and wetlands, to production landscapes. A summary chapter by the editors discusses the implications of theory and practice of the ideas described in preceding chapters. New Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration aims to widen the scope and increase the application of threshold models by critiquing their application in a wide range of ecosystem types. It will also help scientists and restorationists correctly diagnose ecosystem damage, identify restoration thresholds, and develop corrective methodologies that can overcome such thresholds.
