Dna Markers
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| Author | : Gustavo Caetano-Anollés |
| Publisher | : Wiley-Liss |
| Total Pages | : 392 |
| Release | : 1997-09-16 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : |
In the four decades since the discovery of DNA, molecular genetics and biotechnology have undergone a revolution in the research and application of genetic testing techniques. As a result, these fields have witnessed an explosion of both information and controversy, and the focus of public awareness of the significance of molecular biotechnology in everyday life has leaped from journal abstracts to front-page news. Molecular biotechnology provides important tools for the identification of specific nucleic acid sequences, some of them linked to important traits such as those conferring resistance to disease. Such DNA markers are used commonly in genetic research and in other applications, such as DNA fingerprinting. Researchers can use DNA markers to follow individual traits in different environments and hosts, increasing our understanding of the constitution, diversity, and evolution of genetic material. DNA Markers: Protocols, Applications, and Overviews offers valuable new information on this rapidly growing field. This compendium of research highlights the most recently discovered DNA markers and their application to the analyses of genomes of low and high complexity, with a focus on recently developed DNA marker systems as tools for DNA fingerprinting, genome analysis, molecular systematics, taxonomy, and phylogenetic analysis. The Protocols section of the book contains detailed, step-by-step instructions on how to perform selected DNA marker experiments, providing a useful laboratory tool. Subjects covered by top specialists include: Designed as a bench-top reference for the laboratory as well as a complete guide to the latest research, DNA Markers: Protocols, Applications, and Overviews is a vital resource for both novices and experienced practitioners involved in research in molecular genetics or biotechnology. A global overview of DNA markers * Molecular hybridization * RAPD, AP-PCR, DAF and AFLP analysis * Microbial Genomic fingerprinting * Simple sequence repeat DNA markers * Genetic BIT analysis * Differential display of RNA * The status of DNA fingerprinting: population databases * Arbitrarily amplified DNA in ecology and evolution
| Author | : R.L. Phillips |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 508 |
| Release | : 2013-03-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401598150 |
With the new techniques described in this volume, a new gene can be placed on the linkage map within only a few days. Leading researchers have updated the earlier edition to include the latest versions of DNA-based marker maps for a variety of important crops.
| Author | : J. C. Avise |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 522 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461523818 |
Molecular approaches have opened new windows on a host of ecological and evolutionary disciplines, ranging from population genetics and behavioral ecology to conservation biology and systematics. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution summarizes the multi-faceted discoveries about organisms in nature that have stemmed from analyses of genetic markers provided by polymorphic proteins and DNAs. The first part of the book introduces rationales for the use of molecular markers, provides a history of molecular phylogenetics, and describes a wide variety of laboratory methods and interpretative tools in the field. The second and major portion of the book provides a cornucopia of biological applications for molecular markers, organized along a scale from micro-evolutionary topics (such as forensics, parentage, kinship, population structure, and intra-specific phylogeny) to macro-evolutionary themes (including species relationships and the deeper phylogenetic structure in the tree of life). Unlike most prior books in molecular evolution, the focus is on organismal natural history and evolution, with the macromolecules being the means rather than the ends of scientific inquiry. Written as an intellectual stimulus for the advanced undergraduate, graduate student, or the practicing biologist desiring a wellspring of research ideas at the interface of molecular and organismal biology, this book presents material in a manner that is both technically straightforward, yet rich with concepts and with empirical examples from the world of nature.
| Author | : Robert J. Henry |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2012-09-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1118472993 |
Molecular Markers in Plants surveys an array of technologies used in the molecular analysis of plants. The role molecular markers play in plant improvement has grown significantly as DNA sequencing and high-throughput technologies have matured. This timely review of technologies and techniques will provide readers with a useful resource on the latest molecular technologies. Molecular Markers in Plants not only reviews past achievements, but also catalogs recent advances and looks forward towards the future application of molecular technologies in plant improvement. Opening chapters look at the development of molecular technologies. Subsequent chapters look at a wide range of applications for the use of these advances in fields as diverse as plant breeding, production, biosecurity, and conservation. The final chapters look forward toward future developments in the field. Looking broadly at the field of molecular technologies, Molecular Markers in Plants will be an essential addition to the library of every researcher, institution, and company working in the field of plant improvement.
| Author | : John M. Butler |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 679 |
| Release | : 2005-02-08 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0080470610 |
Forensic DNA Typing, Second Edition, is the only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome. It examines the science of current forensic DNA typing methods by focusing on the biology, technology, and genetic interpretation of short tandem repeat (STR) markers, which encompass the most common forensic DNA analysis methods used today. The book covers topics from introductory level right up to cutting edge research. High-profile cases are addressed throughout the text, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases. Ten new chapters have been added to accommodate the explosion of new information since the turn of the century. These additional chapters cover statistical genetic analysis of DNA data, an emerging field of interest to DNA research. Several chapters on statistical analysis of short tandem repeat (STR) typing data have been contributed by Dr. George Carmody, a well-respected professor in forensic genetics. Specific examples make the concepts of population genetics more understandable. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in forensic DNA analysis, forensic scientists, population geneticists, military and private and public forensic laboratories (for identifying individuals through remains), and students of forensic science. *The only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome*Chapters cover the topic from introductory level right up to "cutting edge" research*High-profile cases are addressed throughout the book, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases*NEW TO THIS EDITION: D.N.A. Boxes--boxed "Data, Notes & Applications" sections throughout the book offer higher levels of detail on specific questions
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 429 |
| Release | : 2008-01-06 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309108675 |
Biosocial Surveys analyzes the latest research on the increasing number of multipurpose household surveys that collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewerâ€"respondent information. This book serves as a follow-up to the 2003 volume, Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? and asks these questions: What have the social sciences, especially demography, learned from those efforts and the greater interdisciplinary communication that has resulted from them? Which biological or genetic information has proven most useful to researchers? How can better models be developed to help integrate biological and social science information in ways that can broaden scientific understanding? This volume contains a collection of 17 papers by distinguished experts in demography, biology, economics, epidemiology, and survey methodology. It is an invaluable sourcebook for social and behavioral science researchers who are working with biosocial data.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 1996-12-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309134404 |
In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 199 |
| Release | : 1992-02-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309045878 |
Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 128 |
| Release | : 1988-01-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309038405 |
There is growing enthusiasm in the scientific community about the prospect of mapping and sequencing the human genome, a monumental project that will have far-reaching consequences for medicine, biology, technology, and other fields. But how will such an effort be organized and funded? How will we develop the new technologies that are needed? What new legal, social, and ethical questions will be raised? Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome is a blueprint for this proposed project. The authors offer a highly readable explanation of the technical aspects of genetic mapping and sequencing, and they recommend specific interim and long-range research goals, organizational strategies, and funding levels. They also outline some of the legal and social questions that might arise and urge their early consideration by policymakers.
| Author | : Bhim Pratap Singh |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 370 |
| Release | : 2017-01-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319341065 |
The Kingdom fungi encompass a massive diversity of taxa with wide-ranging ecologies, life cycles, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. Before molecular methods came in existence, taxonomists considered this Kingdom to be a member of the plant kingdom due to certain life styles like immobility and growth habitats. Molecular markers (also known as DNA markers), facilitated a better alternative method over traditional morphological methods, employed for the identification, characterization, and to understand the evolution of fungi. The morphological methods used for identification are mainly dependent on spore color or microscopic features whereas molecular markers are based on DNA polymorphism in the genomic organization. Phylogenetic studies reported in last decade, based on molecular markers, have reshaped the classification system of Kingdom fungi, which divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla. Recent advances in molecular mycology have opened the way for researchers to identify and characterize novel fungal species from unique environments. Mycology is concerned with the systematic study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their use to humans as a source of medicine and food, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning and infections. In the 21st century with the development of DNA sequencing technologies and phylogenetic analysis based on molecular markers, new insights into fungal taxonomy were provided. This book contains a thorough discussion of molecular characterization and detection of different groups of fungi by using PCR-based markers and provides a comprehensive view of the applications and uses of different molecular markers in molecular mycology. It also addresses the recent molecular markers employed to solve the problems of identification and discusses current approaches used in molecular characterization and detection of fungi.
