Diversity and Evolution of Animal Venoms: Neglected Targets, Ecological Interactions, Future Perspectives
| Author | : Sebastien Dutertre |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 127 |
| Release | : 2020-05-06 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 2889637123 |
Diversity And Evolution Of Animal Venoms Neglected Targets Ecological Interactions Future Perspectives
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Spider Venoms
| Author | : P. Gopalakrishnakone |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-05-10 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9789400763883 |
In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.
Biodiversity Conservation and Phylogenetic Systematics
| Author | : Roseli Pellens |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 396 |
| Release | : 2016-02-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319224611 |
This book is about phylogenetic diversity as an approach to reduce biodiversity losses in this period of mass extinction. Chapters in the first section deal with questions such as the way we value phylogenetic diversity among other criteria for biodiversity conservation; the choice of measures; the loss of phylogenetic diversity with extinction; the importance of organisms that are deeply branched in the tree of life, and the role of relict species. The second section is composed by contributions exploring methodological aspects, such as how to deal with abundance, sampling effort, or conflicting trees in analysis of phylogenetic diversity. The last section is devoted to applications, showing how phylogenetic diversity can be integrated in systematic conservation planning, in EDGE and HEDGE evaluations. This wide coverage makes the book a reference for academics, policy makers and stakeholders dealing with biodiversity conservation.
Animal Weapons
| Author | : Douglas J. Emlen |
| Publisher | : Macmillan |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2014-11-11 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0805094504 |
Emlen takes us outside the lab and deep into the forests and jungles where he's been studying animal weapons in nature for years, to explain the processes behind the most intriguing and curious examples of extreme animal weapons. As singular and strange as some of the weapons we encounter on these pages are, we learn that similar factors set their evolution in motion. Emlen uses these patterns to draw parallels to the way we humans develop and employ our own weapons, and have since battle began.
The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition
| Author | : Allison B. Kaufman |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 1032 |
| Release | : 2021-07-22 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 110856125X |
This handbook lays out the science behind how animals think, remember, create, calculate, and remember. It provides concise overviews on major areas of study such as animal communication and language, memory and recall, social cognition, social learning and teaching, numerical and quantitative abilities, as well as innovation and problem solving. The chapters also explore more nuanced topics in greater detail, showing how the research was conducted and how it can be used for further study. The authors range from academics working in renowned university departments to those from research institutions and practitioners in zoos. The volume encompasses a wide variety of species, ensuring the breadth of the field is explored.
Venom
| Author | : Ronald Jenner |
| Publisher | : Smithsonian Institution |
| Total Pages | : 207 |
| Release | : 2017-10-17 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 1588344541 |
Venom brings readers face to face with some of the most dangerous creatures on the planet, including jellyfish, snakes, and wasps, as it uncovers the story of venom. The book explores how venom is used for predation, defense, competition, and communication by an incredible diversity of species. It examines the unique methods that these species have evolved to create and deliver their deadly toxins. The book traces venom back to its origin in early jellyfish and sea anemones, and reveals how venoms have evolved dozens of times independently all across the animal kingdom since that time. And finally, it examines the relationships between these dangerous creatures and humans. Humans have not only learned to live with them, but also to benefit from them: scientists increasingly are harnessing the power of venom to create new drugs, treatments, and anti-venoms.
Evolution by Gene Duplication
| Author | : Susumu Ohno |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 171 |
| Release | : 2013-12-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 364286659X |
It is said that "necessity is the mother of invention". To be sure, wheels and pulleys were invented out of necessity by the tenacious minds of upright citi zens. Looking at the history of mankind, however, one has to add that "Ieisure is the mother of cultural improvement". Man's creative genius flourished only when his mind, freed from the worry of daily toils, was permitted to entertain apparently useless thoughts. In the same manner, one might say with regard to evolution that "natural selection mere(y tnodifted, while redundanry created". Natural selection has been extremely effective in policing alleHe mutations which arise in already existing gene loci. Because of natural selection, organisms have been able to adapt to changing environments, and by adaptive radiation many new species were created from a common ancestral form. Y et, being an effective policeman, natural selection is extremely conservative by nature. Had evolution been entirely dependent upon natural selection, from a bacterium only numerous forms of bacteria would have emerged. The creation of metazoans, vertebrates and finally mammals from unicellular organisms would have been quite impos sible, for such big leaps in evolution required the creation of new gene loci with previously nonexistent functions. Only the cistron which became redun dant was able to escape from the relentless pressure of natural selection, and by escaping, it accumulated formerly forbidden mutations to emerge as a new gene locus.
Keeping Options Alive
| Author | : Walter V. Reid |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 144 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Why is Biological Diversity Important; Where is the worlds biodiversity located; Extinction;how serios is the theart; What happening to agricultural genetic diversity;Biodiversity conservation: what are the right tools for the job.
Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders
| Author | : Carmen Viera |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 448 |
| Release | : 2017-11-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319657178 |
Within the last few decades, arachnology in the Neotropical region has experienced a great development filling the knowledge gap in one of the most diverse regions of the world. Nevertheless, large geographical areas remain poorly sampled, especially within the Amazon, and new genera and species have been continuously discovered, even in urban areas. In congruence with the recent improvements in research, several aspects of the ecology, behaviour and natural history of spiders, such as interactions with other predators and parasitoids, social interactions, dispersal patterns, habitat requirements, mating behaviors, among others, are being carefully investigated. These recent contributions incorporate substantial information on the preexisting knowledge on these subjects every year. Our main objective with this book is to present a summary on these new researches and on the currently knowledge on the main subjects involved in the general theme, emphasizing the contribution of the rich fauna of the Neotropical region to the research of behaviour and ecology of the spiders.
Venoms to Drugs
| Author | : Glenn F. King |
| Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Total Pages | : 338 |
| Release | : 2015-01-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1782624376 |
The pharmaceutical industry has become increasingly interested in biologics from animal venoms as a potential source for therapeutic agents in recent years, with a particularly emphasis on peptides. To date six drugs derived from venom peptides or proteins have been approved by the FDA, with nine further agents currently being investigated in clinical trials. In addition to these drugs in approved or advanced stages of development, many more peptides and proteins are being studied in varying stages of preclinical development. This unique book provides an up to date and comprehensive account of the potential of peptides and proteins from animal venoms as possible therapeutics. Topics covered include chemistry and structural biology of animal venoms, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to drug discovery, bioassays, high-throughput screens and target identification, and reptile, scorpion, spider and cone snail venoms as a platform for drug development. Case studies are used to illustrate methods and successes and highlight issues surrounding administration and other important lessons that have been learnt from the development of approved therapeutics based on venoms. The first text to focus on this fascinating area and bridging an important gap, this book provides the reader with essential and current knowledge on this fast-developing area. Venoms to Drugs will find wide readership with researchers working in academia and industry working in all medicinal and pharmaceutical areas.
