Distributional Impacts
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Author | : ZACHMANN. GUSTAV GEORG (FREDRIKSSON. GREGORY, CLAEYS.) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 112 |
Release | : 2018-12-20 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9789078910473 |
Policymakers will not accept forceful decarbonisation policies if they lead to visibly increasing inequality within their societies. The distributive effects of climate policies need to be addressed. This report provides a selective review of recent academic literature and experience on the distributional effects of climate policies.
Author | : Carlo Carraro |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 371 |
Release | : 2009-02-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0226094804 |
Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements. Shedding light on an extraordinarily complex and important topic, this collection will be of interest to all those involved in designing effective environmental policy.
Author | : Gabriela Inchauste |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 402 |
Release | : 2017-09-19 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1464810923 |
The World Bank has partnered with the Commitment to Equity Institute at Tulane University to implement their diagnostic tool—the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment—designed to assess how taxation and public expenditures affect income inequality, poverty, and different economic groups. The approach relies on comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis, which measures the contribution of each individual intervention to poverty and inequality reduction as well as the combined impact of taxes and social spending. The CEQ Assessment provide an evidence base upon which alternative reform options can be analyzed. The use of a common methodology makes the results comparable across countries. This volume presents eight country studies that examine the distributional effects of individual programs and policy measures—and the net effect of each country’s mix of policies and programs. These case studies were produced in the context of Bank policy dialogue and have since been used to propose alternative reform options.
Author | : Johnstone Nick |
Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
Total Pages | : 336 |
Release | : 2006-02-23 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9264066136 |
This book builds upon existing literature to simultaneously examine disparities in the distribution of environmental impacts of environmental policy and in the distribution of financial effects among households.
Author | : Richard Cookson |
Publisher | : Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation |
Total Pages | : 385 |
Release | : 2020-09-30 |
Genre | : Medical care |
ISBN | : 0198838190 |
Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.
Author | : Robert H. Haveman |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 337 |
Release | : 2013-09-25 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1483263266 |
Microeconomic Simulation Models for Public Policy Analysis, Volume 1: Distributional Impacts is a collection of papers presented at a conference of the same title held in Washington, D.C. in March 1978. This collection discusses extended micro data models for first-round distributional analysis, models that incorporate behavioral responses to the policies being stimulated, models of macroeconomics, and models that have sectorial or regional impacts. One paper explains that increasing support for the negative income tax scheme can result in bigger increase in the budgetary cost of the program itself. Another paper evaluates the Kasten, Greenberg, Betson program as useful for policymakers to determine the distributional consequences of any proposed changes in policy in welfare reforms. With the oil embargo and energy crisis in the U.S., one author presents a model to measure the impacts these events have on energy consumers, especially on the lower-income group. Such model employs a comprehensive human resources data system that measures the distributional impacts of energy policies. This book is beneficial for policy makers and regulators involved in economic and public services. This book can also help sociologists and academicians in the field of political science and developmental studies.
Author | : Don Fullerton |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 397 |
Release | : 2017-05-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1351943456 |
Many effects of environmental and energy policy are likely to disproportionately burden those with low income. First, it raises the price of fossil-fuel-intensive products that constitute a high fraction of low-income budgets (like gasoline, heating fuel and electricity). Second, the handout of pollution permits to firms provides value to those who own them. Third, low-income individuals may place more value on food and shelter than on improvements in environmental quality, so high-income individuals may get the most benefit of pollution abatement. Fourth, air quality improvements may raise the value of houses owned by landlords, rather than helping renters. These effects might all hurt the poor more than the rich. This book brings together the seminal economics literature that studies whether these fears are valid and whether anything can be done about them.
Author | : Sheldon H. Danziger |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 269 |
Release | : 1988-06-18 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1349088889 |
Author | : Martin Feldstein |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 481 |
Release | : 2007-11-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0226241890 |
Social security is the largest and perhaps the most popular program run by the federal government. Given the projected increase in both individual life expectancy and sheer number of retirees, however, the current system faces an eventual overload. Alternative proposals have emerged, ranging from reductions in future benefits to a rise in taxrevenue to various forms of investment-based personal retirement accounts. As this volume suggests, the distributional consequences of these proposals are substantially different and may disproportionately affect those groups who depend on social security to avoid poverty in old age. Together, these studies persuasively show that appropriately designed investment-based social security reforms can effectively reduce the long-term burden of an aging society on future taxpayers, increase the expected future income of retirees, and mitigate poverty rates among the elderly.
Author | : Matthias Ruth |
Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
Total Pages | : 233 |
Release | : 2009-01-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1849802335 |
Climate change tends to increase the frequency and intensity of weather-related disasters, which puts many people at risk. Economic, social and environmental impacts further increase vulnerability to disasters and tend to set back development, destroy livelihoods, and increase disparity nationally and worldwide. This book addresses the differential vulnerability of people and places, introducing concepts and methods for analysis and illustrating the impact on local, regional, national, and global scales. The chapters in the first section set the stage by focusing on the relationship between climate change and disasters and by broadly exploring their economic and social aftermaths. Further chapters explore particular impacts of climate change, including the social, political and even military conflicts that may arise over scarce natural resources, as well as the effects on biodiversity and thus the natural environment. Chapters in the last section discuss responses to climate change in terms of information sharing and preparedness, adaptation and mitigation particularly the relevance of improving the role of markets, through investment and insurance, to face these challenges. Researchers and policymakers involved in the study of climate change and disaster prevention will find this comprehensive volume of great interest.