Comparative Agriculture

Comparative Agriculture
Author: Hubert Cochet
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 159
Release: 2015-04-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9401798281

In the first section dedicated to theoretical thoughts on comparative agriculture, Hubert Cochet introduces the notion of “agricultural development”, the very subject of comparative agriculture, with a restored endogenous dimension. He then describes how this approach was slowly consolidated, around the concept of agrarian system in particular. The comparison of agricultural transformations in time and space highlights the importance of the comparatist approach to production processes, their trajectories and differentiation on a worldwide scale. The second section which focuses on the methods and expertise of comparative agriculture, tackles the issues of landscape analysis, field surveys and the historical approach underlying comparative agriculture. It sums up the economic tools mobilised as well as the evaluation perspectives opened up by comparative agriculture.

Rural migration in sub-Saharan Africa: patterns, drivers and relation to structural transformation

Rural migration in sub-Saharan Africa: patterns, drivers and relation to structural transformation
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Total Pages: 100
Release: 2020-02-13
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9251321108

Sub-Saharan Africa has a long history of internal and international migratory movements. Migration patterns and dynamics from, to and between rural areas are profoundly differentiated across regions, and flows have considerably evolved over time. Yet, more recently, rural migration takes place in the unique situation of a major rural and urban demographic increase, which results in critical socio-economic and environmental challenges. In this context, intertwined migration drivers emerge and call for a better understanding of on-going dynamics. This working paper draws on a combination of literature review and data analysis, building on the results of the Atlas "Rural Africa in motion. Dynamics and drivers of migration South of the Sahara". This mixed approach is used to propose a conceptual framework based on past, current and future drivers of migration, then to examine observed patterns of rural migration and finally to discuss drivers’ characteristics and dynamics from case studies and existing datasets.

French NGOs in the Global Era

French NGOs in the Global Era
Author: G. Cumming
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 267
Release: 2008-11-14
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 023058196X

This book provides a systematic account of the changing priorities, procedures and practices of French NGOs active in overseas development work. It explores whether French NGOs are eschewing wider trends in the Northern NGO sector and uses Resource Dependence theory and a case study of NGO field-work in Cameroon to shed light on these actors.

Mapping of adaptation interventions in Senegal

Mapping of adaptation interventions in Senegal
Author: Ndione, Y. C.
Publisher: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Climate Resilience
Total Pages: 41
Release: 2023-12-01
Genre: Science
ISBN:

The CGIAR Initiative on Climate Resilience is geared towards Building Systemic Resilience against Climate Variability and Extremes in developing countries including Guatemala, Kenya, Morocco, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Senegal, and Zambia. The initiative has four work packages: 1). De-risking agriculture production systems and livelihood from climate change, 2). Building production system resilience recognizing the linkages of climate, agriculture, security, and peace; 3). Developing adaptation instruments to inform policy and investments, and 4). Multiscale governance for transformative adaptation. Work Package 4 (WP4) expects to set up a bottom-up polycentric governance framework for multiscale transformative adaptation and targeted climate investments. WP4 has three components: A). Setting up a polycentric governance model and a “leave no one behind” indicator framework, and developing B). a climate smart governance dashboard to empower farmers, communities, and policy planners to plan and implement bottom-up integrated climate and water risk management interventions, and C) AWARE platform for early warning, early action, and early finance to promote integrated multiscale institutional responses to climate shocks. The Initiative Prospective Agricole et Rurale (IPAR) is supporting the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in implementing component A of ClimBeR. This report outlines the steps undertaken in mapping adaptation interventions in Senegal as part of ClimBeR activities towards developing a bottom-up polycentric governance model for transformative multi-scale adaptation and timely targeted climate investments. The mapping exercise the review of published grey and peer-reviewed literature and interviews with key stakeholders in national structures involved in food security, climate change and/or governance of early warning systems. The IPAR team mapped 31 adaptation interventions and identified the stakeholders involved in the planning and implementation of the interventions, the geographic focus of the interventions and intended/target beneficiaries of the interviews. All the mapped intervention focused on food security with households and smallholder farmers as primary target beneficiaries. Different institutions, including government agencies and ministries, and development partners and non-govermental organisations are involved in planning and implementation of climate change adaptation in Senegal. The mapping activities, however, revealed that although the institutions identified through this mapping exercise share similar project goals and are involved in similar projects, they use different operational and institutional frameworks resulting in the lack of harmonization of tools deployed in assessing the orientation of the various interventions and duplication of interventions. The lack quality climate data was also identified as a barrier to decision making and governance of adaptation planning and implementation. Ensuring that all stakeholders across all administrative levels and sectors have the same level of information to guide their action is critical in coordinating efforts in enhancing climate adaptation action. Furthermore, a robust governance mechanism to support the governance of adaptation interventions in Senegal remain urgent priorities. Deepening these governance structures that enables cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical in enhancing progress in adaptation planning and implementation in Senegal. Mainstreaming of climate change adaptation into national, sectoral and local level policies and budgeting are important enablers of in the governance of climate adaptation.

Irrigation Development In Africa

Irrigation Development In Africa
Author: Jon R. Moris
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 504
Release: 2019-04-11
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0429714009

Irrigation Development in Africa: Lessons of Experience is a veritable encyclopedia of information on African irrigation. It describes a significant subset of the African irrigation experience, from traditional flood recession systems to large projects like Gezira and Bura.

Rural Settlement Structure And African Development

Rural Settlement Structure And African Development
Author: Marilyn Silberfein
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2019-09-16
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1000310493

This volume is the result of a group of researchers applying their insights and experience to a common theme. All the authors are con-cerned with rural development in Africa and all have focused on the con-nection between the development process and the arrangement of people and their built environment in rural space. Both anthropologists and geo-graphers have contributed to the dialogue on this subject and represen-tatives of the two disciplines are included in this volume. The members of this group have never all been in the same place at the same time, and so have utilized various electronic modes of commu-nication to link their locations around the world. Two conferences were organized, however, among a subset of the whole, in order to generate a group discussion. One of these meetings was a symposium on African rural development held at Temple University while a second was orga-nized at the African Studies Association Meetings in Toronto. Both opportunities helped raise issues that found their way into individual chapters. The audience in each case further stimulated our thinking.

Food Production And Rural Development In The Sahel

Food Production And Rural Development In The Sahel
Author: R. James Bingen
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 180
Release: 2019-03-04
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0429716729

In Mali and throughout the Sahel, governments increasingly rely on parastatal organizations to overcome the problems of lagging food production and rural poverty. This book examines the political and economic consequences of the efforts of one organization, Operation Riz-Segou in Mali, to increase smallholder food and cash crop production. Drawing extensively on fieldwork in Mali, the author finds that significant investments in irrigation facilities, financed by foreign aid, have not reduced the smallholder's vulnerability to the risks posed by weather and uncertain flood levels of the Niger River. The extension system discourages smallholder investment for long-term agricultural development because of its preoccupation with supervision and administrative control. Moreover, the Operation engages in many popular rural development activities—literacy programs, farmer training, women's artisanal centers—that give the facade of grassroots participation but in reality do not provide villagers a critically needed voice in local program administration. Comparing Operation Riz-Segou to similar parastatal agricultural development programs in the Sahel, Dr. Bingen discusses why only those policies deliberately designed and carefully implemented to share power with the majority of the people can lay the political and economic foundation required to overcome rural poverty and resolve the food crisis in the Sahel.

A World to Make

A World to Make
Author: Francis Xavier Sutton
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Total Pages: 312
Release:
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781412816304

A World to Make treats a subject that is both complex and controversial. Since the end of the Second World War, and with increasing rapidity in the 1950s and 1960s, Europe's former colonial possessions acquired independence and emerged as new states with new frontiers. That process proved to be immensely difficult both for those who had recently acquired their independence and for those in Latin America and elsewhere who had enjoyed that status for a century or longer. Earlier paradigms of development have either broken down or have been subject to serious modification. The chemistry of development reveals itself as an unstable compound of diverse political, social, cultural, and intellectual elements, not to speak of many that remain primarily economic. The conflicts and institutional interests are so varied that any simple theory of nation building or modernization modeled on past patterns of development in the capitalist West or Communist East seem inadequate. As editor Francis X. Sutton points out, this volume views development in its broad historical complexity, as an organizing principle of governments and international relations, as a set of ideas or ideologies, and as a series of programs and practices. Achieving such goals in a single volume required reaching being the narrow confine of developmentalists as such, to experts in a variety of fields ranging from history to education. The work features a major study by the historian William H. McNeil on "Control and Catastrophe in Human Affairs"; D. Anthony Low on "Development Contexts"; Francis X. Sutton on "Developmental Ideology: Its Emergence and Decline"; John P. Lewis on "Government and National Economic Development"; Mohamed Naciri on "Educational Processes and Access to Knowledge"; and Paul Krugman on "Developing Countries in the World Economy." In each case, the major essay is followed by a sharp analysis and commentary. The work is of intense potential value to international economists, comparative political scientists, and those who stress the important role of volition and culture in the development process. Francis X. Sutton is retired deputy vice president of The Ford Foundation. Since his retirement in 1981, he has served as consultant to the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the World Bank. He is the author of The American Business Creed, and wrote the introduction to the new Transaction edition of The Ford Foundation by Dwight Macdonald.