Real-time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms

Real-time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms
Author: Babin, Marcel
Publisher: UNESCO
Total Pages: 880
Release: 2008-06-05
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9231040421

The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.

Monitoring of Marine Pollution

Monitoring of Marine Pollution
Author: Houma Bachari Fouzia
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2019-06-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1838808116

Many of the pollutants discharged into the sea are directly or indirectly the result of human activities. Some of these substances are biodegradable, while others are not. This study is devoted to monitoring areas of the environment. Methods assessment is based on monitoring data and an evaluation of the impact of pollution.Surveillance provides a scientific basis for standards development and application. The methodology of marine pollution control is governed by algorithms and models. A monitoring strategy should be put in place, coupled with an environmental assessment concept, through targeted research activities in areas identified at local and regional levels. This concept will make it possible to diagnose the state of "health" of these zones and consequently to correct any anomalies. Monitoring of the marine and coastal environment is based on recent methods and validated after experiments in the field of marine pollution.

Advanced Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Applications

Advanced Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Applications
Author: Olga Korostynska
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 350
Release: 2021-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3036504265

It is impossible to imagine the modern world without sensors, or without real-time information about almost everything—from local temperature to material composition and health parameters. We sense, measure, and process data and act accordingly all the time. In fact, real-time monitoring and information is key to a successful business, an assistant in life-saving decisions that healthcare professionals make, and a tool in research that could revolutionize the future. To ensure that sensors address the rapidly developing needs of various areas of our lives and activities, scientists, researchers, manufacturers, and end-users have established an efficient dialogue so that the newest technological achievements in all aspects of real-time sensing can be implemented for the benefit of the wider community. This book documents some of the results of such a dialogue and reports on advances in sensors and sensor systems for existing and emerging real-time monitoring applications.

Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste

Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher:
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2022-09
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780309458856

An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste. The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.

Science and Technology for America's Oceans: a Decadal Vision

Science and Technology for America's Oceans: a Decadal Vision
Author: Executive Office of the President of the United States
Publisher:
Total Pages: 61
Release: 2018-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9781688664630

America's unrestricted access to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Gulf of Mexico, rivers, Great Lakes, and Arctic region powers domestic and global commerce. The ease of moving cargo and people beyond our coasts fuels the Nation's competitive advantage, advances trade, generates capital, and drives the domestic economy forward, in turn projecting strength abroad and safeguarding our national interests. Similarly, the biological diversity and productivity of the ocean sustains the health of coastal communities and promotes a vibrant national economy. The ocean also plays a fundamental role in the Earth system. Ensuring responsible ocean stewardship with science and technology (S&T) breakthroughs depends on a strategic Federal portfolio supported by foundational basic research. Science and Technology for America's Oceans: A Decadal Vision identifies pressing research needs and areas of opportunity within the ocean S&T enterprise for the decade 2018-2028.

The Ocean Economy in 2030

The Ocean Economy in 2030
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2016-04-27
Genre:
ISBN: 9264251723

This report explores the growth prospects for the ocean economy, its capacity for future employment creation and innovation, and its role in addressing global challenges. Special attention is devoted to the emerging ocean-based industries.

Sustainable Civil Engineering

Sustainable Civil Engineering
Author: Varinder S. Kanwar
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 313
Release: 2021-06-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000890341

This reference text establishes linkages between the user industries and the providers of clean technologies and sustainable materials for a rapid transformation of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The text covers several aspects of sustainable applications including clean technologies, climate change and its effects, sustainable buildings (smart cities), sustainability in road construction, sustainable use of geosynthetic, innovative materials, and sustainable construction practices. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of civil engineering and other infrastructure-related professionals and planners. The book: Discusses clean technologies and sustainable materials in depth Covers concepts of sustainability in road construction, and water retaining structures Examines environmental policies and practices Discusses climate change and its effects in a comprehensive manner Covers sustainable buildings including smart cities As this book discusses concepts related to sustainable civil engineering practices in a single volume, it will be an ideal reference text for everyone aiming at developments of sustainable infrastructures.

Tsunami Warning and Preparedness

Tsunami Warning and Preparedness
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 296
Release: 2011-03-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309209897

Many coastal areas of the United States are at risk for tsunamis. After the catastrophic 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, legislation was passed to expand U.S. tsunami warning capabilities. Since then, the nation has made progress in several related areas on both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, NOAA has improved the ability to detect and forecast tsunamis by expanding the sensor network. Other federal and state activities to increase tsunami safety include: improvements to tsunami hazard and evacuation maps for many coastal communities; vulnerability assessments of some coastal populations in several states; and new efforts to increase public awareness of the hazard and how to respond. Tsunami Warning and Preparedness explores the advances made in tsunami detection and preparedness, and identifies the challenges that still remain. The book describes areas of research and development that would improve tsunami education, preparation, and detection, especially with tsunamis that arrive less than an hour after the triggering event. It asserts that seamless coordination between the two Tsunami Warning Centers and clear communications to local officials and the public could create a timely and effective response to coastal communities facing a pending tsuanami. According to Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, minimizing future losses to the nation from tsunamis requires persistent progress across the broad spectrum of efforts including: risk assessment, public education, government coordination, detection and forecasting, and warning-center operations. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk.

Marine Monitoring Platforms

Marine Monitoring Platforms
Author: Edin Omerdic
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 185
Release: 2009-10-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1443815837

Ireland is a small Island in the North Atlantic with geography, weather and thus way of life dominated by the ocean. This book presents a comprehensive study of the challenges and technologies for observing the ocean environment. It describes the state-of-the-art in marine platforms internationally and provides a vision of platform technology in 2021 and beyond. Opportunities for ocean monitoring are detailed in the Irish context and recommendations are given for future development and investments in marine platforms.