A Generous and Merciful Enemy

A Generous and Merciful Enemy
Author: Daniel Krebs
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Total Pages: 479
Release: 2013-04-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 0806189053

Some 37,000 soldiers from six German principalities, collectively remembered as Hessians, entered service as British auxiliaries in the American War of Independence. At times, they constituted a third of the British army in North America, and thousands of them were imprisoned by the Americans. Despite the importance of Germans in the British war effort, historians have largely overlooked these men. Drawing on research in German military records and common soldiers’ letters and diaries, Daniel Krebs places the prisoners on center stage in A Generous and Merciful Enemy, portraying them as individuals rather than simply as numbers in casualty lists. Setting his account in the context of British and European politics and warfare, Krebs explains the motivations of the German states that provided contract soldiers for the British army. We think of the Hessians as mercenaries, but, as he shows, many were conscripts. Some were new recruits; others, veterans. Some wanted to stay in the New World after the war. Krebs further describes how the Germans were made prisoners, either through capture or surrender, and brings to life their experiences in captivity from New England to Havana, Cuba. Krebs discusses prison conditions in detail, addressing both the American approach to war prisoners and the prisoners’ responses to their experience. He assesses American efforts as a “generous and merciful enemy” to use the prisoners as economic, military, and propagandistic assets. In the process, he never loses sight of the impact of imprisonment on the POWs themselves. Adding new dimensions to an important but often neglected topic in military history, Krebs probes the origins of the modern treatment of POWs. An epilogue describes an almost-forgotten 1785 treaty between the United States and Prussia, the first in western legal history to regulate the treatment of prisoners of war.

The Hessians

The Hessians
Author: Rodney Atwood
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 314
Release: 2002-08-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780521526371

A study of the German auxiliaries who fought with the British against the American colonists.

The Hessian Mercenary State

The Hessian Mercenary State
Author: Charles W. Ingrao
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2003-02-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780521533225

In analyzing the origins, course, and effectiveness of domestic policymaking in Hesse-Cassel, Charles Ingrao finds that Frederick was neither as evil as we might think nor as enlightened as we might like to believe.

Hessians

Hessians
Author: Brady Crytzer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781594162244

Three Stories. Two Worlds. One Revolution. Revealing the German Experience in the American Revolution through the Experiences of an Officer, a Baroness, and a Chaplain In 1775 the British Empire was in crisis. While it was buried in debt from years of combat against the French, revolution was stirring in its wealthiest North American colonies. To allow the rebellion to fester would cost the British dearly, but to confront it would press their exhausted armed forces to a breaking point. Faced with a nearly impossible decision, the administrators of the world's largest empire elected to employ the armies of the Holy Roman Empire to suppress the sedition of the American revolutionaries. By 1776 there would be 18,000 German soldiers marching through the wilds of North America, and by war's end there would be over 30,000. To the colonists these forces were "mercenaries," and to the Germans the Americans were "rebels. "While soldiers of fortune fight for mere profit, the soldiers of the Holy Roman Empire went to war in the name of their country, and were paid little for their services, while their respective kings made fortunes off of their blood and sacrifice among the British ranks. Labeled erroneously as "Hessians," the armies of the Holy Roman Empire came from six separate German states, each struggling to retain relevance in a newly enlightened and ever-changing world. In Hessians: Mercenaries, Rebels, and the War for British North America historian Brady J. Crytzer explores the German experience during the American Revolution through the lives of three individuals from vastly different walks of life, all thrust into the maelstrom of North American combat. Here are the stories of a dedicated career soldier, Johann Ewald, captain of a Field-Jäger Corps, who fought from New York to the final battles along the Potomac; Frederika Charlotte Louise von Massow, Baroness von Riedesel, who raced with her young children through the Canadian wilderness to reunite with her long-distant husband; and middle-aged chaplain Philipp Waldeck, who struggled to make sense of it all while accompanying his unit through the exotic yet brutal conditions of the Caribbean and British Florida. Beautifully written, Hessians offers a glimpse into the American Revolution as seen through the eyes of the German armies commanded to destroy it.

I Was a Hessian Grenadier at the Battle of Trenton

I Was a Hessian Grenadier at the Battle of Trenton
Author: Gary Schreckengost
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 98
Release: 2016-02-24
Genre:
ISBN: 9781530139064

The Hessian soldiers who served as auxiliary troops for the British government during the American Revolution struck fear into the heart of American rebels even before they set foot on American shores. During the battle for New York in 1776, soon after the Declaration of Independence was signed, the Hessians proved further enhanced their vaunted reputation when they literally mauled the rebels, helping Crown forces capture New York City, Fort Washington, and, before the year was out, almost all of New Jersey. Trusted with guarding the Delaware River once winter set in, seven of these Hessian battalions were posted at Trenton, Bordentown, Black Horse, and Mount Holly, New Jersey, closest to what was left of Washington's rebel army. This is the historically accurate story of the fictitious character Grenadier Johann Schräder, a member of Grenadier Regiment Rall, one of the tough Hessian battalions that were surprisingly defeated by the rebels at Trenton on December 26, 1776. Read how and why Schräder joined the Hessian Army in the summer of 1775, what training was like in Hessia, who his comrades were in the 2nd Company, Grenadier Regiment Rall, his journey to America, and his campaigning in New York and New Jersey, culminating at the famous battle of Trenton, December 26, 1776, the "battle that saved America."

American Military History Volume 1

American Military History Volume 1
Author: Army Center of Military History
Publisher:
Total Pages: 436
Release: 2016-06-05
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781944961404

American Military History provides the United States Army-in particular, its young officers, NCOs, and cadets-with a comprehensive but brief account of its past. The Center of Military History first published this work in 1956 as a textbook for senior ROTC courses. Since then it has gone through a number of updates and revisions, but the primary intent has remained the same. Support for military history education has always been a principal mission of the Center, and this new edition of an invaluable history furthers that purpose. The history of an active organization tends to expand rapidly as the organization grows larger and more complex. The period since the Vietnam War, at which point the most recent edition ended, has been a significant one for the Army, a busy period of expanding roles and missions and of fundamental organizational changes. In particular, the explosion of missions and deployments since 11 September 2001 has necessitated the creation of additional, open-ended chapters in the story of the U.S. Army in action. This first volume covers the Army's history from its birth in 1775 to the eve of World War I. By 1917, the United States was already a world power. The Army had sent large expeditionary forces beyond the American hemisphere, and at the beginning of the new century Secretary of War Elihu Root had proposed changes and reforms that within a generation would shape the Army of the future. But world war-global war-was still to come. The second volume of this new edition will take up that story and extend it into the twenty-first century and the early years of the war on terrorism and includes an analysis of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq up to January 2009.

Journal of the American Revolution

Journal of the American Revolution
Author: Todd Andrlik
Publisher: Journal of the American Revolu
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017-05-10
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781594162787

The fourth annual compilation of selected articles from the online Journal of the American Revolution.

Valley Forge Winter

Valley Forge Winter
Author: Wayne Bodle
Publisher: Penn State Press
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2010-11-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780271045467

Refuting commonly held myths about the American Revolution, this comprehensive history of the colonial army's winter encampment of 1777-1778 reveals the events that occurred both inside and outside the camp boundaries, discussing interactions between the soldiers and local civilians, divisions within the army, the political and military strategies of George Washington, and their implications in terms of the future of the United States. Reprint.

Engineers of Independence

Engineers of Independence
Author: Paul K. Walker
Publisher: The Minerva Group, Inc.
Total Pages: 424
Release: 2002-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781410201737

This collection of documents, including many previously unpublished, details the role of the Army engineers in the American Revolution. Lacking trained military engineers, the Americans relied heavily on foreign officers, mostly from France, for sorely needed technical assistance. Native Americans joined the foreign engineer officers to plan and carry out offensive and defensive operations, direct the erection of fortifications, map vital terrain, and lay out encampments. During the war Congress created the Corps of Engineers with three companies of engineer troops as well as a separate geographer's department to assist the engineers with mapping. Both General George Washington and Major General Louis Lebéque Duportail, his third and longest serving Chief Engineer, recognized the disadvantages of relying on foreign powers to fill the Army's crucial need for engineers. America, they contended, must train its own engineers for the future. Accordingly, at the war's end, they suggested maintaining a peacetime engineering establishment and creating a military academy. However, Congress rejected the proposals, and the Corps of Engineers and its companies of sappers and miners mustered out of service. Eleven years passed before Congress authorized a new establishment, the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers.