Decision Making And Action
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Author | : Gary A. Klein |
Publisher | : Ablex Publishing Corporation |
Total Pages | : 480 |
Release | : 1992-08-01 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 9780893919436 |
This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.
Author | : Richard W. Morris |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 486 |
Release | : 2018-08-23 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 0128120991 |
Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Author | : Miroslaw Kofta |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 479 |
Release | : 2013-03-09 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 1475729014 |
This new study presents exciting international research developments on personal control and self-regulation. Each chapter examines the subject at a different level of analysis to foster a complete understanding. Brief synopses of each chapter are provided as introductions to the three major sections of the book. These sections cover the person as an agent of control, affective and cognitive mechanisms of executive agency, and reactions to threatened control.
Author | : Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 433 |
Release | : 1998-08-14 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0309523893 |
Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.
Author | : Carlos Corvalán |
Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
Total Pages | : 294 |
Release | : 2000 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 9780419259503 |
This text examines the need for information in support of decision-making in environmental health. It discusses indicators of environmental health, methods of data collection and the assessment of exposure.
Author | : C.-L. Hwang |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 366 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 3642455115 |
Decision making is the process of selecting a possible course of action from all the available alternatives. In almost all such problems the multiplicity of criteria for judging the alternatives is pervasive. That is, for many such problems, the decision maker (OM) wants to attain more than one objective or goal in selecting the course of action while satisfying the constraints dictated by environment, processes, and resources. Another characteristic of these problems is that the objectives are apparently non commensurable. Mathematically, these problems can be represented as: (1. 1 ) subject to: gi(~) ~ 0, ,', . . . ,. ! where ~ is an n dimensional decision variable vector. The problem consists of n decision variables, m constraints and k objectives. Any or all of the functions may be nonlinear. In literature this problem is often referred to as a vector maximum problem (VMP). Traditionally there are two approaches for solving the VMP. One of them is to optimize one of the objectives while appending the other objectives to a constraint set so that the optimal solution would satisfy these objectives at least up to a predetermined level. The problem is given as: Max f. ~) 1 (1. 2) subject to: where at is any acceptable predetermined level for objective t. The other approach is to optimize a super-objective function created by multiplying each 2 objective function with a suitable weight and then by adding them together.
Author | : Marcia W. Blenko |
Publisher | : Harvard Business Press |
Total Pages | : 182 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1422147576 |
-Identify your critical decisions. Focus on those that matter most to your company's performance. --
Author | : Eric J. Bolland |
Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
Total Pages | : 311 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : Business enterprises |
ISBN | : 1786430169 |
This breakthrough study examines how business decisions explain successful and unsuccessful performance. Real world and academic research is evaluated, including interviews and cases studies, to create a model of how decisions and performance are connected for businesses of all sizes. Recommendations are made to optimize decision making and projections about the future of decision making and performance are provided.
Author | : Nicholas Rescher |
Publisher | : University of Pittsburgh Pre |
Total Pages | : 237 |
Release | : 2010-11-23 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0822975653 |
The four main essays in this volume investigate new sectors of the theory of decision, preference, act-characteristics, and action analysis. Herbert A. Simon applies tools developed in the theory of decision-making to the logic of action, and thereby develops a novel concept of heuristic power. Adapting ideas from utility and decision theory, Nicholas Rescher proposes a logic of preference by which conflicting theories proposed by G. H. von Wright, R. M. Chisholm, and others can be systematized. Donald Davidson discusses difficulties in specifying the structure of action sentences to elucidate how their meaning depends on that structure. G. H. von Wright devises a method for describing each "state of the world" that results from an action, in a revision of his own earlier work. Additionally, a study of the logic of norms by Alan Ross Anderson is presented as an appendix, along with an appendix by Rescher outlining the aspects of action.
Author | : Eduardo Salas |
Publisher | : Psychology Press |
Total Pages | : 462 |
Release | : 2001-07 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1135659915 |
Naturalistic Decision Making is an important area of research in applied psychology. This book comes from selected topics at the 1998 conference on NDM, held in Virginia.