Rules, Contracts and Law Enforcement in the Ottoman Empire

Rules, Contracts and Law Enforcement in the Ottoman Empire
Author: Bora Altay
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 118
Release: 2021-10-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3030795772

This book examines the role of institutions and law on the economic performance of the Ottoman Empire between 1500 and 1800. By focussing on the pre-industrial period, the transition to industrialisation and the mechanisms behind it can be explored. Particular attention is given to the allocation of financial resources towards more productive and efficient economic activities and the role this played in economic divergence among societies. A comparative analysis with European societies highlights the importance of non-economic institutions during the pre-industrial period. This book aims to provide new analytical perspectives and ways of thinking about how the Ottoman Empire lost its powerful economic and political structures. It is relevant to students and researchers interested in economic history, law and economics, and the political economy.

Model Rules of Professional Conduct

Model Rules of Professional Conduct
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher: American Bar Association
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2007
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9781590318737

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Enforcement and Corporate Governance

Enforcement and Corporate Governance
Author: Erik Berglöf
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 49
Release: 2004
Genre: Corporate governance
ISBN: 4100615213

Abstract: "Enforcement more than regulations, laws-on-the-books, or voluntary codes is key to effective corporate governance, at least in transition and developing countries. Corporate governance and enforcement mechanisms are intimately linked as they affect firms' ability to commit to their stakeholders, in particular to external investors. Berglof and Claessens provide a framework for understanding these links and how they are shaped by countries' institutional contexts. When the general enforcement environment is weak and specific enforcement mechanisms function poorly, as in many developing and transition countries, few of the traditional corporate governance mechanisms are effective. The principal consequence in these countries is a large blockholder, but there are important potential costs to this mechanism. A range of private and public enforcement 'tools' can help reduce these costs and reinforce other supplementary corporate governance mechanisms. The limited empirical evidence suggests that private tools are more effective than public forms of enforcement in the typical environment of most developing and transition countries. However, public enforcement is necessary regardless, and private enforcement mechanisms often require public laws to function. Furthermore, in some countries at least, bottom-up, private-led tools preceded and even shaped public laws. Political economy constraints resulting from the intermingling of business and politics, however, often prevent improvements in the general enforcement environment, and adoption and implementation of public laws in these countries. This paper a product of the Global Corporate Governance Forum, Corporate Governance Department is part of a larger effort in the department to help improve the understanding of corporate governance reform in developing countries"--World Bank web site.

Law in Transition

Law in Transition
Author: F. Feldbrugge
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2002-11-12
Genre: Law
ISBN:

The states of Central and Eastern Europe have, to different extents and with varying levels of success, engaged in the transition from authoritarian rule. The (re-) construction of democratic, law-based governance has turned out to be a lengthy and - at times - frustrating process. The agenda for post-communist reform contains many entries, yet a transition-blue-print is not available. The papers collected in this volume explore the implications of the transition process in various areas. While not all aspects of post-communist law are covered, several crucial issues receive an in-depth treatment. These are: the development of (supra-) governmental systems, the procuracy, minority rights, contract law, land ownership and industrial property rights. Displaying remarkable scholarly as well as practical legal expertise, the various contributors to this volume illustrate the problems in, and the potential of, these policy areas.

International Arbitration in Latin America

International Arbitration in Latin America
Author: Gloria M. Alvarez
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 462
Release: 2021-04-08
Genre: Law
ISBN: 904119973X

Energy projects in Latin America are a major contributor to economic growth worldwide. This book is the first to offer a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of specific issues arising from energy and natural resources contracts and disputes in the region, covering a wide range of procedural, substantive, and socio-legal issues. The book also includes how states have shifted from passive business partners to more active controlling players. The book contains an extensive treatment and examination of the particularities of arbitration practice in Latin America, including arbitrability, public order, enforcement, and the complex public-private nature of energy transactions. Specialists experienced in resolving international energy and natural disputes throughout the region provide detailed analysis of such issues and topics, including: state-owned entities as co-investors or contracting parties; role of environmental law, indigenous rights and public participation; issues related to political changes, corruption, and quantification of damages; climate change, renewable energy, and the energy transition; force majeure, hardship, and price reopeners; arbitration in the electricity sector; take-or-pay contracts; recognition and enforcement of awards; tension between stabilization clauses and human rights; mediation as a method for dispute settlement in the energy and natural resources sector; and different comparative approaches taken by national courts in key Latin American jurisdictions. The book also delivers a clear explanation on the impact made to the arbitration process by Covid-19, emerging laws, changes of political circumstances, the economic global trends in the oil & gas market, the energy transition, and the rise of new technologies. This invaluable book will be welcomed by in-house lawyers, government officials, as well as academics and rest of the arbitration community involved in international arbitration with particular interest in the energy and natural resources sector.

Doing Business 2020

Doing Business 2020
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 254
Release: 2019-11-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464814414

Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.

International Law and Transition to Peace in Colombia

International Law and Transition to Peace in Colombia
Author: César Rojas-Orozco
Publisher: Theory and Practice of Public
Total Pages: 195
Release: 2021
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9789004440524

"In International Law and Transition to Peace in Colombia, César Rojas-Orozco analyses the role of international law in transition from armed conflict to peace, by using the analytical framework of jus post bellum and Colombia as a case study. While contemporary attention to jus post bellum has focused on its theoretical development and regarding international warfare, this book is the first work to comprehensively assess the concept in practice and in the context of a non-international armed conflict. Discussing the creative formulas adopted in Colombia to conciliate international legal requirements and the practical needs of peace, the book offers concrete elements to understand the concept of jus post bellum as a framework to guide other transitions around the world"--

Transition Report 2001

Transition Report 2001
Author: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Publisher: Stationery Office Books (TSO)
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2001
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

This report focuses upon aspects of energy production, consumption and efficiency within the transition economies of the countries in central eastern Europe and the Baltic states, south-eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The report is divided into two sections. Part I considers issues of macroeconomic performance and future prospects for growth. Part II contains an analysis of the primary and secondary energy sectors in these countries. The report highlights the challenges facing the energy-rich countries in managing their resources prudently. It discusses key policy issues, such as the need to strengthen governance and transparency in the energy sector, and to increase savings to preserve national wealth for future generations. It also looks at tariff reform as a means of improving energy efficiency, and examines ways of ensuring that the poor do not suffer as a result of tariff adjustments. It highlights the complementary role that private investment in the power sector can play in improving energy efficiency, if accompanied by a strong regulatory framework. The report also contains an assessment of the progress towards transition made by each country, on a range of areas including liberalisation and macroeconomic stabilisation.