Competing Interactions And Microstructures
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Author | : Richard LeSar |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 282 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3642734987 |
Many macroscopic properties of materials are determined primarily by inhomogeneous structures and textures. These intermediate-scale structures often arise from competing interactions operating on different length scales within the material. Our understanding of such phenomena has increased substantially with the identification and theoretical description of solid-state materials with incommensurate and long-period modulated phases, such as ferroelectrics, charge-density-wave compounds, epitaxial layers and polytypes. Experimental diagnosis of inhomogeneous ground states and metastable phases has advanced so far that these are now well-accepted phenomena. These proceedings bring together the work of physicists and materials scientists to review developments in this area and to examine possible future directions, such as how the microscopic understanding emerging in bench-top solid-state systems can be applied in materials science.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 275 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : Condensed matter |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1987 |
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A summary of results from a unique statistical-physics theory to predict and explain competing interactions and resulting microstructures in some partially-ordered (in this case, liquid-crystalline (LC)) phases is presented. The static aspects of both partial orientational and partial positional ordering of the molecules into various microstructures in these phases (including the incommensurate smectic-Ad phase) can be understood in terms of various competing interactions (both entropic and energetic) involved in the packing together of the different molecular sub-units at given pressures and temperatures. These microstructures are predicted and explained (using no ad hoc or arbitrarily adjustable parameter) as a function of molecule chemical structure (including lengths and shapes (from bond lengths and angles), intramolecular rotations, site-site polarizabilities and pair potentials, dipole moments, etc). Theoretical results are presented for the nematic, re-entrant nematic, smectic-Ad, and smectic-Al LC phases and the isotropic phase.
Author | : Elena Vedmedenko |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 215 |
Release | : 2007-02-27 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3527610510 |
Systems displaying competing interactions of some kind are widespread - much more, in fact, as commonly anticipated (magnetic and Ising-type interactions or the dynamics of DNA molecules being only two popular examples). Written for researchers in the field with different professional backgrounds, this volume classifies phenomena not by system but rather by the type of competing interactions involved. This allows for a straightforward presentation of the underlying principles and the universal laws governing the behaviour of different systems. Starting with a historical overview, the author proceeds by describing self-competitions of various types of interactions (such as diploar or multipolar interactions), competitions between a short-range and a long-range interaction (as in Ising systems or DNA models) or between a long-range interaction and an anisotropy (as in ultrathin magnetic films or magnetic nanoparticles) and finally competitions between interactions of the same range (as in spin glasses). Each chapter contains a few problems with solutions which provide suitable material for lecturers of mathematics and physics as well as biology courses. A vast body of references to the original literature make the volume self-contained and ideally suited to master this interdisciplinary field.
Author | : Richard Lesar |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 290 |
Release | : 1988-04-27 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783642734991 |
Author | : Cary Y. Yang |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 439 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3642848044 |
Silicon carbide and other group IV-IV materials in their amorphous, microcrystalline, and crystalline forms have a wide variety of applications.The contributions to this volume report recent developments and trends in the field. The purpose is to make available the current state of understanding of the materials and their potential applications. Eachcontribution focuses on a particular topic, such as preparation methods, characterization, and models explaining experimental findings. The volume also contains the latest results in the exciting field of SiGe/Si heterojunction bipolar transistors. The reader will find this book valuable as a reference source, an up-to-date and in-depth overview of this field, and, most importantly, as a window into the immense range of reading potential applications of silicon carbide. It is essential for scientists, engineers and students interested in electronic materials, high-speed heterojunction devices, and high-temperature optoelectronics.
Author | : David P. Landau |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 221 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3642848788 |
The contribution of computer simulation studies to our understanding of proper ties of a wide range of condensed-matter systems is now well established. The Center for Simulational Physics has been hosting annual workshops with the in tent of bringing together some of the experienced practitioners in the field, as well as relative newcomers in the field, to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and recent results. This year's workshop, the fourth in the series, was held at the University of Georgia, February 18-22, 1991. These proceedings are a record of the workshop and are published with the goal of timely dissemination of the papers to a wider audience. The proceedings are divided into three parts. The first part contains invited papers which deal with simulational studies of classical systems and includes an introduction to some new simulation techniques and special purpose comput ers as well. A separate section of the proceedings is devoted to invited papers on quantum systems including new results for strongly correlated electron and quantum spin models believed to be important for the description of high-T c superconductors. The contributed presentations comprise the final chapter.
Author | : Russel F. Howe |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 307 |
Release | : 2013-03-07 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3642849334 |
Surface science has existed as a recognized discipline for more than 20 years. During this period, the subject has expanded in two important ways. On the one hand, the techniques available for studying surfaces, both experimental and theoretical, have grown in number and in sophistication. On the other hand, surface science has been applied to an increasing number of areas of technology, such as catalysis, semicon ductor processing, new materials development, corrosion prevention, adhesion and tribology. . There is, however, no sharp division between fundamental and applied surface science. New techniques can immediately be applied to technologically important problems. Improvements in understanding of fundamental phenomena such as epi taxial growth of one metal on another, or the bonding of hydrocarbons to metal sur faces, to name just two examples, have direct consequences for technology. Surface science has also become very much an interdisciplinary subject; physics, chemistry, materials science, chemical and electronical engineering all draw upon and contribute to surface science. The intimate relationship between principles and applications of surface science forms the theme of this proceedings volume. The contributions were all presented as invited lectures at an Australian-German Workshop on Surface Science held at Coogee Beach, Sydney, Australia, in December 1991. The contributors, all active surface scientists in their respective countries, were asked to highlight recent develop ments in their own areas of activity involving new techniques, advances in funda mental understanding or new applications in technology.
Author | : Reinhard Lipowsky |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 307 |
Release | : 2013-03-08 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3642847633 |
Membranes composed of amphiphilic molecules are highly flexible surfaces that determine the architecture of biological systems and provide a basic structural element for complex fluids such as microemulsions. Recently, a variety of new experimental methods such as X-ray scattering, neutron scattering, and atomic force microscopy have been used in order to study themolecular structure of these membranes. Their conformational behavior, on the other hand, is studied by optical and electron microscopy, which reveals that membranes in aqueous solution exhibit an amazing variety of different shapes. Several theoretical concepts are described suchas bending elasticity, curvature, and minimal surfaces in order to understand this polymorphism. These concepts are also useful to describe the behavior of membranes in complex fluids where they can build up hexagonal, lamellar, triply-periodic, cubic, and sponge phases. The contributions to this volume provide an up-to-date overview and describe thestate-of-the-art of this rapidly evolving field of research.
Author | : David P. Landau |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 237 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3642792936 |
Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics VII provides a broad overview of recent developments. Presented at the recent workshop, it contains the invited and contributed papers which describe new physical results, simulational techniques and ways of interpreting simulational data. Both classical and quantum systems are discussed.