"The aim of this work is to develop and evaluate the feasibility of absolute dose to water measurements in clinical high-energy photon, electron, and proton beams using a probe format graphite calorimeter (GPC; a.k.a. Aerrow), a sealed electron water calorimeter (ESWcal), and a short range water calorimeter (SHREWcal). Measurements were performed using these calorimeters, all of which were designed and built in-house, and ionization chambers with calibrations traceable to national primary dose standards. A sealed glass vessel constructed at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) was used as part of the water calorimeter experiments. Calorimeter-based dose results were validated in high-energy photon beams against established dose standards. A finite element analysis software package was used to numerically solve the heat transport equation in models of the calorimeters used throughout this project. Monte Carlo radiation transport codes were used to calculate the perturbation factors accounting for the presence of non water (or graphite) detector materials in the path of the beam. For the GPC, absolute dose output measurements were performed using its two independent modes of operation for several clinical high-energy photon and electron beams, in addition to a relative characterization of the detector. For the ESWcal, electron beam quality conversion factors were directly measured for two types of ionization chambers. For the SHREWcal, dose measurements were performed for clinical short-range electron beams and cyclotron-based monoenergetic and modulated proton beams. Absorbed doses measured using both GPC modes of operation were found to agree with chamber-derived doses to well within the combined uncertainty of about 1.5 %. Moreover, the detector was characterized as having a strong linear response in the range of 80 cGy to 470 cGy, and no dependence upon dose rate in the range of 0.5 Gy/min to 5.4 Gy/min. For photon and electron beam qualities in the range of 58.4 %