This synthesis will be of interest to construction and materials engineers, paving contractors, equipment manufacturers, and others who are involved in assessing the performance of asphalt pavements. Information is presented on various issues related to compaction of asphalt pavements. Compaction is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of asphalt pavements. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the theory, methods, equipment, and specifications related to the compaction of asphalt pavements. A brief history of, the importance of, and factors affecting compaction are also discussed. Construction influences, density measurements, and trends are also considered.