Compacted Oxide Layer Formation Under Conditions Of Limited Debris Retention At The Wear Interface During High Temperature Sliding Wear Of Superalloys
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Author | : Ian Inman |
Publisher | : Universal-Publishers |
Total Pages | : 372 |
Release | : 2006-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1581123213 |
For many applications, including power generation, aerospace and the automobile industry, high temperature wear provides serious difficulties where two or more surfaces move or slide relative to one another. In aerospace, for example, demands for more powerful, efficient engines operating at ever higher temperatures, mean that conventional lubrication is no longer sufficient to prevent direct contact between metallic sliding surfaces, accelerating wear. However, one high temperature phenomenon observed to reduce metallic contact, and thus wear and friction, is the formation of 'glazes', essentially compacted oxide wear debris layers that sinter together to form wear resistant surfaces. This thesis studies the nature of wear encountered with four different combinations of Superalloys, slid together using a 'block-on-cylinder' configuration (Nimonic 80A and Incoloy MA956 as block / sample materials; Stellite 6 and Incoloy 800HT as cylinder / counterface materials) simulating car (automobile) engine 'valve-on-valve-seat' wear. Initially this study concentrates on the combined effects of sliding speed (either 0.314 m/s or 0.905 m/s, supplementing previous testing at 0.654 m/s) and temperature (between room temperature and 750°C) - by altering either or both of these variables, the nature of the wear process can be radically altered, encouraging or suppressing wear protective oxide or 'glaze' layer formation. Extensive characterisation is conducted of the 'glaze' layers during this study, using a wide range of tools including optical microscopy, SEM, EDX (spot, mapping and Autopoint), XRD (including Glancing Angle) and micro-hardness. On selected samples, TEM and STM show these 'glaze' layers to be nano-structured (nano-crystalline), with an estimated grain size of as little as 2 to 10 nm.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 346 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Dissertations, Academic |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Roger C. Reed |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 363 |
Release | : 2008-07-31 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1139458639 |
Superalloys are unique high-temperature materials used in gas turbine engines, which display excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. This book introduces the metallurgical principles which have guided their development. Suitable for graduate students and researchers, it includes exercises and additional resources at www.cambridge.org/9780521859042.
Author | : W Gao |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 677 |
Release | : 2008-04-09 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1845694252 |
High temperature corrosion is a phenomenon that occurs in components that operate at very high temperatures, such as gas turbines, jet engines and industrial plants. Engineers are constantly striving to understand and prevent this type of corrosion. This book examines the latest developments in the understanding of high temperature corrosion processes and protective oxide scales and coatings.Part one looks at high temperature corrosion. Chapters cover diffusion and solid state reactions, external and internal oxidation of alloys, metal dusting corrosion, tribological degradation, hot corrosion, and oxide scales on hot-rolled steel strips. Modern techniques for analysing high temperature oxidation and corrosion are also discussed. Part two discusses methods of protection using ceramics, composites, protective oxide scales and coatings. Chapters focus on layered ternary ceramics, alumina scales, Ti-Al intermetallic compounds, metal matrix composites, chemical vapour deposited silicon carbide, nanocrystalline coatings and thermal barrier coatings. Part three provides case studies illustrating some of the challenges of high temperature corrosion to industry and how they can be overcome. Case studies include the petrochemical industry, modern incinerators and oxidation processing of electronic materials.This book is a valuable reference tool for engineers who develop heat resistant materials, mechanical engineers who design and maintain high temperature equipment and plant, and research scientists and students who study high temperature corrosion and protection of materials. - Describes the latest developments in understanding high temperature corrosion - Presents the latest research by the leading innovators from around the globe - Case studies are provided to illustrate key points
Author | : L L Shreir |
Publisher | : Newnes |
Total Pages | : 1233 |
Release | : 2013-10-22 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1483164101 |
Corrosion, Volume 1: Metal/Environment Reactions is concerned with the subject of corrosion, with emphasis on the control of the environmental interactions of metals and alloys used as materials of construction. Corrosion is treated as a synthesis of corrosion science and corrosion engineering. This volume is comprised of nine chapters; the first of which provides an overview of the principles of corrosion and oxidation, with emphasis on the electrochemical mechanism of corrosion and how the kinetics of cathodic and anodic partial reactions control the rate of overall corrosion reaction. Attention then turns to the effects of environmental factors such as concentration, velocity, and temperature based on the assumption that either the anodic or cathodic reaction, but not both, is rate-controlling. The corrosion of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, as well as rarer and noble metals, is considered. The reader is also introduced to high-temperature corrosion and mechanical factors that affect corrosion. This book concludes with topics of electrochemistry and metallurgy relevant to corrosion, including the nature of the electrified interface between the metal and the solution; charge transfer across the interface under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions; overpotential and the rate of an electrode reaction; and the hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen absorption by ferrous alloys. This book will be of value to students as well as workers and engineers in the field of corrosion.
Author | : W. Gissler |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 416 |
Release | : 1992-10-31 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9780792320067 |
The hardest requirements on a material are in general imposed at the surface: it has to be wear resistant for tools and bearings; corrosion resistant for turbine blades; antireflecting for solar cells; and it must combine several of these properties in other applications. `Surface engineering' is the general term that incorporates all the techniques by which a surface modification can be accomplished. These techniques include both the more traditional methods, such as nitriding, boriding and carburizing, and the newer ones, such as ion implantation, laser beam melting and, in particular, coating. This book comprises and compares in a unique way all these techniques of surface engineering. It is a compilation of lectures which were held by renowned scientists and engineers in the frame of the well known `EuroCourses' of the Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities. The book is principally addressed to material and surface scientists, physicists and chemists, engineers and technicians of industries and institutes where surface engineering problems arise.
Author | : Michael F. Ashby |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 380 |
Release | : 2014-06-28 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1483297217 |
Provides a thorough explanation of the basic properties of materials; of how these can be controlled by processing; of how materials are formed, joined and finished; and of the chain of reasoning that leads to a successful choice of material for a particular application. The materials covered are grouped into four classes: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Each class is studied in turn, identifying the families of materials in the class, the microstructural features, the processes or treatments used to obtain a particular structure and their design applications. The text is supplemented by practical case studies and example problems with answers, and a valuable programmed learning course on phase diagrams.
Author | : Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale |
Publisher | : ASM International |
Total Pages | : 651 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1615030980 |
Author | : A.K. Suri |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 272 |
Release | : 2017-11-13 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1351448978 |
The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
Author | : C T Kwok |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 401 |
Release | : 2012-03-20 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 0857095838 |
Corrosion and erosion processes often occur synergistically to cause serious damage to metal alloys. Laser surface modification techniques such as laser surface melting or alloying are being increasingly used to treat surfaces to prevent corrosion or repair corroded or damaged components. Laser surface modification of alloys for corrosion and erosion resistance reviews the wealth of recent research on these important techniques and their applications.After an introductory overview, part one reviews the use of laser surface melting and other techniques to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless and other steels as well as nickel-titanium and a range of other alloys. Part two covers the use of laser surface modification to prevent different types of erosion, including liquid impingement, slurry (solid particle) and electrical erosion as well as laser remanufacturing of damaged components.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Laser surface modification of alloys for corrosion and erosion resistance is a standard reference for all those concerned with preventing corrosion and erosion damage in metallic components in sectors as diverse as energy production and electrical engineering. - Reviews recent research on the use of laser surface modification techniques, including the prevention of corrosion and repair of corroded or damaged components - Discusses the techniques for improving the corrosion resistance of steels, nickel-titanium and a range of alloys - Analyses the use of laser surface modification to prevent different types of erosion, including liquid impingement and laser remanufacturing of damaged components