Institutions of Hanseatic Trade

Institutions of Hanseatic Trade
Author: Ulf Christian Ewert
Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Total Pages: 196
Release: 2016-11-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 9783631661833

"The merchants of the medieval Hanse monopolised trade in the Baltic and North Sea areas. The authors describe the structure of their trade system in terms of network organisation and attempts to explain, on the grounds of institutional economics, the coordination of the merchants' commercial exchange by reputation, trust and culture. The institutional economics approach also allows for a comprehensive analysis of coordination problems arising between merchants, towns and the 'Kontore.' Due to the simplicity and flexibility of network trade, the Hansards could bridge the huge gap in economic development between the West and the East. In the changing economic conditions around 1500, however, exactly these characteristics proved to be a serious limit to further retain their trade monopoly"--Provided by publisher.

The North American Arctic

The North American Arctic
Author: Dwayne Ryan Menezes
Publisher: UCL Press
Total Pages: 392
Release: 2019-11-04
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1787356620

The North American Arctic addresses the emergence of a new security relationship within the North American North. It focuses on current and emerging security issues that confront the North American Arctic and that shape relationships between and with neighbouring states (Alaska in the US; Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut in Canada; Greenland and Russia). Identifying the degree to which ‘domain awareness’ has redefined the traditional military focus, while a new human rights discourse undercuts traditional ways of managing sovereignty and territory, the volume’s contributors question normative security arrangements. Although security itself is not an obsolete concept, our understanding of what constitutes real human-centred security has become outdated. The contributors argue that there are new regionally specific threats originating from a wide range of events and possibilities, and very different subjectivities that can be brought to understand the shape of Arctic security and security relationships in the twenty-first century.

Old Kent

Old Kent
Author: George A. Hanson
Publisher: Genealogical Publishing Com
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2009-06
Genre: Kent County (Md.)
ISBN: 0806346329

Upshur County, West Virginia was created in 1851 from Randolph, Barbour, and Lewis counties. Upshur's early history and the lives of its more prominent pioneers and nineteenth-century Native Sons are ably captured in this tripartite volume. Part I, a condensed history of the state prepared by Hu Maxwell, ranges over everything from the first explorations of the Blue Ridge, the French and Indian War, and the Revolution to West Virginia geography and geology, formation of the state, and the Civil War in West Virginia. In Part II, Mr. Cutright lays out the history of the county, with emphasis on the Indian Wars, religious life, geography, formation of the county and its political and governmental institutions, Upshur County and Upshur countians in the Civil War, as well as a whole host of miscellaneous topics, such as turnpike and railroad construction, newspapers, financial institutions, the birds of Upshur County, and much more. In the final third of the volume we find an alphabetically arranged series of over 600 biographical/genealogical sketches of Upshur countians (some of them illustrated), which range from several paragraphs to several pages in length. In the majority of cases the subjects, who were mostly born around mid-century, are identified by their year of birth, the name of one or more parents, and the names of their spouse(s) and children. In addition, we learn something of each subject's career, military service (if any), and his/her movements to and from Upshur County. In short, given the book's 607 densely packed pages of historical and genealogical detail, this is the starting point for Upshur County research.

Social Rights Jurisprudence

Social Rights Jurisprudence
Author: Malcolm Langford
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 705
Release: 2008
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0521860946

The book is the most comprehensive in its area and analyses many jurisdictions that have received little attention.

Loyola's Acts

Loyola's Acts
Author: Marjorie O'Rourke Boyle
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 304
Release: 1997-01-01
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 9780520209374

This revisionist view of Ignatius Loyola argues that his "autobiography"--until now taken to be a literal, documentary account--is in reality a work of rhetoric, a moral narrative that exploits the techniques of fiction. In radically reinterpreting this canonical text, our main source of information about the founder of the largest and most powerful religious order in Roman Catholicism, Boyle paints a vivid picture of Loyola's world. She surveys rhetorical and artistic theory, religious iconography, everyday custom, and an astonishing array of scenes and subjects: from curiosity, to codes of honor, to the holy places of Spain, to the significance of apparitions and flying serpents. Written in the tradition of Renaissance studies on individualism, Loyola's Acts engages current interest in autobiography and in the history of private life. The book also provides a powerful heuristic for interpreting a wide range of texts of the Christian tradition. Finally, this secular treatment of a canonized saint provides revealing insights into how a prestigious sixteenth-century figure like Loyola understood himself. This revisionist view of Ignatius Loyola argues that his "autobiography"--until now taken to be a literal, documentary account--is in reality a work of rhetoric, a moral narrative that exploits the techniques of fiction. In radically reinterpreting this canonical text, our main source of information about the founder of the largest and most powerful religious order in Roman Catholicism, Boyle paints a vivid picture of Loyola's world. She surveys rhetorical and artistic theory, religious iconography, everyday custom, and an astonishing array of scenes and subjects: from curiosity, to codes of honor, to the holy places of Spain, to the significance of apparitions and flying serpents. Written in the tradition of Renaissance studies on individualism, Loyola's Acts engages current interest in autobiography and in the history of private life. The book also provides a powerful heuristic for interpreting a wide range of texts of the Christian tradition. Finally, this secular treatment of a canonized saint provides revealing insights into how a prestigious sixteenth-century figure like Loyola understood himself.

Indian Slavery in Colonial America

Indian Slavery in Colonial America
Author: Alan Gallay
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Total Pages: 448
Release: 2009-01-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0803222009

European enslavement of American Indians began with Christopher Columbus?s arrival in the New World. The slave trade expanded with European colonies, and though African slave labor filled many needs, huge numbers of America?s indigenous peoples continued to be captured and forced to work as slaves. Although central to the process of colony-building in what became the United States, this phenomena has received scant attention from historians. ø Indian Slavery in Colonial America, edited by Alan Gallay, examines the complicated dynamics of Indian enslavement. How and why Indians became both slaves of the Europeans and suppliers of slavery?s victims is the subject of this book. The essays in this collection use Indian slavery as a lens through which to explore both Indian and European societies and their interactions, as well as relations between and among Native groups.

Direct International Human Rights Obligations of Non-state Actors

Direct International Human Rights Obligations of Non-state Actors
Author: Nicolás Carrillo-Santarelli
Publisher: Wolf Legal Publishers
Total Pages: 454
Release: 2017
Genre: Humanitarian law
ISBN: 9789462403888

Addressing the reality that non-state actors do violate human rights in practice, which cannot be overlooked, author Nicolas Carrillo-Santarelli argues that the foundations and main principles of international human rights law call for the regulation of direct non-state obligations and responsibilities, given the potential failure of domestic actions and the limits of voluntary strategies. In part I, the author presents his ideas on why non-state abuses should be regarded as human rights violations and wrongful acts. Part II studies why direct protection from non-state violations is possible, and what legal mechanisms and institutions permit to make it effective. The final Chapter turns to the examination of the mechanisms that can be used to respond to or prevent non-state violations of human rights law. This book is based on the idea that the protagonists of human rights law are individuals, who deserve protection from all abusers, be they States, armed groups, international organizations, or other actors. Revised Dissertation. [Subject: Human Rights Law, International Law]

Institutions and European Trade

Institutions and European Trade
Author: Sheilagh Ogilvie
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 501
Release: 2011-03-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1139500392

What was the role of merchant guilds in the medieval and early modern economy? Does their wide prevalence and long survival mean they were efficient institutions that benefited the whole economy? Or did merchant guilds simply offer an effective way for the rich and powerful to increase their wealth, at the expense of outsiders, customers and society as a whole? These privileged associations of businessmen were key institutions in the European economy from 1000 to 1800. Historians debate merchant guilds' role in the Commercial Revolution, economists use them to support theories about institutions and development, and policymakers view them as prime examples of social capital, with important lessons for modern economies. Sheilagh Ogilvie's magisterial new history of commercial institutions shows how scrutinizing merchant guilds can help us understand which types of institution made trade grow, why institutions exist, and how corporate privileges affect economic efficiency and human well-being.