Coerced Contraception?

Coerced Contraception?
Author: Ellen H. Moskowitz
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Total Pages: 244
Release: 1996-09-13
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781589018075

Long-acting and reversible contraceptives, such as Norplant and Depo-Provera, have been praised as highly effective, moderately priced, and generally safe. Yet, as this book argues, the very qualities that make these contraceptives an important alternative for individual choice in family planning also make them a potential tool of coercive social policy. For example, policymakers have linked their use to welfare benefits, and judges, to probation agreements. In this book, authors from the fields of medicine, ethics, law, and the social sciences probe the unique and vexing ethical and policy issues raised by long-acting contraception. The book offers comprehensive ethical guidelines for health care professionals and policymakers, as well as an ethical framework for analyzing policies and practices concerning long?acting contraceptives. The authors consider cultural, social, and ethical issues pertaining to contraception, and they provide historical and scientific background on today's controversies. They explore alternative conceptual and theoretical frameworks, including analyses of autonomy, coercion, and responsibility in reproductive decisions. This volume also notes the special concerns that arise when policies promoting long?term birth control target low-income women and women of color, and when these contraceptives are used in developing countries.

The Best Intentions

The Best Intentions
Author: Committee on Unintended Pregnancy
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 393
Release: 1995-06-16
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309556376

Experts estimate that nearly 60 percent of all U.S. pregnancies--and 81 percent of pregnancies among adolescents--are unintended. Yet the topic of preventing these unintended pregnancies has long been treated gingerly because of personal sensitivities and public controversies, especially the angry debate over abortion. Additionally, child welfare advocates long have overlooked the connection between pregnancy planning and the improved well-being of families and communities that results when children are wanted. Now, current issues--health care and welfare reform, and the new international focus on population--are drawing attention to the consequences of unintended pregnancy. In this climate The Best Intentions offers a timely exploration of family planning issues from a distinguished panel of experts. This committee sheds much-needed light on the questions and controversies surrounding unintended pregnancy. The book offers specific recommendations to put the United States on par with other developed nations in terms of contraceptive attitudes and policies, and it considers the effectiveness of over 20 pregnancy prevention programs. The Best Intentions explores problematic definitions--"unintended" versus "unwanted" versus "mistimed"--and presents data on pregnancy rates and trends. The book also summarizes the health and social consequences of unintended pregnancies, for both men and women, and for the children they bear. Why does unintended pregnancy occur? In discussions of "reasons behind the rates," the book examines Americans' ambivalence about sexuality and the many other social, cultural, religious, and economic factors that affect our approach to contraception. The committee explores the complicated web of peer pressure, life aspirations, and notions of romance that shape an individual's decisions about sex, contraception, and pregnancy. And the book looks at such practical issues as the attitudes of doctors toward birth control and the place of contraception in both health insurance and "managed care." The Best Intentions offers frank discussion, synthesis of data, and policy recommendations on one of today's most sensitive social topics. This book will be important to policymakers, health and social service personnel, foundation executives, opinion leaders, researchers, and concerned individuals. May

Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries

Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
Author: Dean T. Jamison
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 1449
Release: 2006-04-02
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0821361805

Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.

Contraceptive Research and Development

Contraceptive Research and Development
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 534
Release: 1996-11-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309175658

The "contraceptive revolution" of the 1960s and 1970s introduced totally new contraceptive options and launched an era of research and product development. Yet by the late 1980s, conditions had changed and improvements in contraceptive products, while very important in relation to improved oral contraceptives, IUDs, implants, and injectables, had become primarily incremental. Is it time for a second contraceptive revolution and how might it happen? Contraceptive Research and Development explores the frontiers of science where the contraceptives of the future are likely to be found and lays out criteria for deciding where to make the next R&D investments. The book comprehensively examines today's contraceptive needs, identifies "niches" in those needs that seem most readily translatable into market terms, and scrutinizes issues that shape the market: method side effects and contraceptive failure, the challenge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and the implications of the "women's agenda." Contraceptive Research and Development analyzes the response of the pharmaceutical industry to current dynamics in regulation, liability, public opinion, and the economics of the health sector and offers an integrated set of recommendations for public- and private-sector action to meet a whole new generation of demand.

The Turnaway Study

The Turnaway Study
Author: Diana Greene Foster
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Total Pages: 384
Release: 2021-06
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1982141573

"Now with a new afterword by the author"--Back cover.

Catholics and Contraception

Catholics and Contraception
Author: Leslie Woodcock Tentler
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Total Pages: 352
Release: 2018-09-05
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 1501726676

As Americans rethought sex in the twentieth century, the Catholic Church's teachings on the divisive issue of contraception in marriage were in many ways central. In a fascinating history, Leslie Woodcock Tentler traces changing attitudes: from the late nineteenth century, when religious leaders of every variety were largely united in their opposition to contraception; to the 1920s, when distillations of Freud and the works of family planning reformers like Margaret Sanger began to reach a popular audience; to the Depression years, during which even conservative Protestant denominations quietly dropped prohibitions against marital birth control. Catholics and Contraception carefully examines the intimate dilemmas of pastoral counseling in matters of sexual conduct. Tentler makes it clear that uneasy negotiations were always necessary between clerical and lay authority. As the Catholic Church found itself isolated in its strictures against contraception—and the object of damaging rhetoric in the public debate over legal birth control—support of the Church's teachings on contraception became a mark of Catholic identity, for better and for worse. Tentler draws on evidence from pastoral literature, sermons, lay writings, private correspondence, and interviews with fifty-six priests ordained between 1938 and 1968, concluding, "the recent history of American Catholicism... can only be understood by taking birth control into account."

Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use

Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use
Author: World Health Organization. Reproductive Health and Research
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 144
Release: 2005
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9241562846

This document is one of two evidence-based cornerstones of the World Health Organization's (WHO) new initiative to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for family planning. The first cornerstone, the Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use (third edition) published in 2004, provides guidance for who can use contraceptive methods safely. This document, the Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use (second edition), provides guidance for how to use contraceptive methods safely and effectively once they are deemed to be medically appropriate. The recommendations contained in this document are the product of a process that culminated in an expert Working Group meeting held at the World Health Organization, Geneva, 13-16 April 2004.

A Companion to American Women's History

A Companion to American Women's History
Author: Nancy A. Hewitt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 512
Release: 2008-04-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 047099858X

This collection of twenty-four original essays by leading scholars in American women's history highlights the most recent important scholarship on the key debates and future directions of this popular and contemporary field. Covers the breadth of American Women's history, including the colonial family, marriage, health, sexuality, education, immigration, work, consumer culture, and feminism. Surveys and evaluates the best scholarship on every important era and topic. Includes expanded bibliography of titles to guide further research.

The Political Geographies of Pregnancy

The Political Geographies of Pregnancy
Author: Laura R. Woliver
Publisher: University of Illinois Press
Total Pages: 254
Release: 2010-10-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0252092945

A searing study of how modern reproductive politics shapes women's bodily agency Pregnancy indisputably takes place within a woman's body. But as reproductive power finds its way into the hands of medical professionals, lobbyists, and policymakers, the geographies of pregnancy are shifting, and the boundaries need to be redrawn, argues Laura R. Woliver. The Political Geographies of Pregnancy is a vigorous analysis of the ways modern reproductive politics are shaped by long-standing debates on abortion and adoption, surrogacy arrangements, new reproductive technologies, medical surveillance, and the mapping of the human genome. Across a politically charged backdrop of reproductive issues, Woliver exposes strategies that claim to uphold the best interests of children, families, and women but in reality complicate women's struggles to have control over their own bodies. Utilizing feminist standpoint theory and promoting a feminist ethic of care, Woliver looks at abortion politics, modern adoption laws that cater to male-headed families, regulations that allow the state to monitor pregnant women but not always provide care for them, and the power structures behind the seemingly benign world of egg-selling and surrogate parenting. She also considers the potentially staggering political implications of mapping the human genome, and the exclusion of women's perspectives in discussions about legislation and advancements in reproductive technologies.

Encyclopedia of Counseling

Encyclopedia of Counseling
Author: Frederick T. Leong
Publisher: SAGE
Total Pages: 1993
Release: 2008-04-25
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1412909287

Selected as an Outstanding Academic Title by Choice Magazine, January 2010 From the depressed and lonely college student to the business executive at midlife experiencing decreasing levels of career satisfaction to the couple where one partner has been unfaithful in the relationship, counselling is the intervention that numerous individuals turn to each year as the challenges and stress of daily living exceed their normal coping abilities. Counselling is practised by counsellors, social workers, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists. Counseling is to be differentiated from psychotherapy in that the latter deals more with mental illnesses and psychological disorders while the former is more concerned with normative stresses, adjustment difficulties, and life transitions (e.g., adjusting to unemployment or going through a divorce). The Encyclopedia of Counseling will be the definitive resource for members of the public who are interested in learning about the science and practice of counselling. It will also be a useful resource for undergraduate and graduate students as well as professionals from other specialties. Covering all of the major theories, approaches, and contemporary issues in counselling, the set includes over 600 entries. The Encyclopedia will consist of four volumes: (a) changes and challenges facing counseling, (b) personal counseling for mental health problems, (c) career counseling, and (d) cross-cultural counseling. Each volume is organized alphabetically and will contain a comprehensive index and cross-referencing system to entries in other volumes. Volume One Changes and Challenges for Counseling in the 21st Century History of Counseling, Definition of Counseling, Professional Associations, Licensure, Accreditation, Managed Care, Marriage Counseling, Family Counseling, Ethical Codes Volume Two Personal Counseling and Mental Health Problems Alcoholism, Psychodynamic Theories of Counseling, Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to Counseling, Depression, Suicide, Eating Disorders, Bereavement Counseling Volume Three Career and Vocational Counseling Career Assessment Instruments, Holland′s Model of Career Intervention, Strong Interest Inventory, Guidance and Career Counseling in Schools, Career Counseling for Midlife Transitions, Career Resources on the Web, Violence in the Workplace Volume Four Cross-Cultural Counseling Acculturation, Cultural Identity, Counseling African-Americans, Counseling Hispanic Americans, Counseling Refugees, Counseling Sojourners and International Students, Cross-Cultural Counseling Competencies.