Circulating Micrornas
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Author | : Peter Igaz |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 292 |
Release | : 2015-11-25 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 3034809557 |
MicroRNAs as the endogenous mediators of RNA interference have experienced an unprecedented career in recent years, highlighting their pathogenic, diagnostic and potential therapeutic relevance. Beside tissue microRNAs, they are also found in body fluids, most notably in blood. Significant differences of circulating microRNA levels have been found in various diseases, making them candidates for minimally invasive markers of disease, for example tumor malignancy. The book focuses on the potential diagnostic applicability of circulating microRNAs in various diseases and their potential biological significance.
Author | : Nobuyoshi Kosaka |
Publisher | : Humana |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2016-08-23 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781493962990 |
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.
Author | : Muller Fabbri |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 287 |
Release | : 2013-10-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1461484448 |
The discovery of microRNAs and its role as gene expression regulators in human carcinogenesis represents one of the most important scientific achievements of the last decade. More recently, other non-coding RNAs have been discovered and its implications in cancer are emerging as well, suggesting a broader than anticipated involvement of the non-coding genome in cancer. Moreover, completely new and unexpected functions for microRNAs are being revealed, leading to the identification of new anticancer molecular targets. This book represents a comprehensive guide on non-coding RNAs and cancer, spanning from its role as cancer biomarkers, to providing the most useful bioinformatic tools, to presenting some of the most relevant discoveries, which indicates how these fascinating molecules act as fine orchestrators of cancer biology.
Author | : Charles H. Lawrie |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 702 |
Release | : 2013-10-30 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1118300343 |
MicroRNAs in Medicine provides an access point into the current literature on microRNA for both scientists and clinicians, with an up-to-date look at what is happening in the emerging field of microRNAs and their relevance to medicine. Each chapter is a comprehensive review, with descriptions of the latest microRNA research written by international leaders in their field. Opening with an introduction to what microRNAs are and how they function, the book goes on to explore the role of microRNAs in normal physiological functions, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, cancer, circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers, and finally their potential as novel therapeutics. Including background information on the field as well as reviews of the latest research breakthroughs, MicroRNAs in Medicine is a one-stop source of information to satisfy the specialists and non-specialists alike, appealing to students, researchers, and clinicians interested in understanding the potential of microRNAs in medicine and research.
Author | : Gaetano Santulli |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 431 |
Release | : 2015-12-11 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3319226711 |
This volume explores microRNA function in a wide array of human disorders, providing a clinical basis for precision medicine and personalized therapies using these molecules. The twenty-one chapters, all authored by internationally-renowned experts, open with an introduction contextualizing microRNA manipulation within today’s initiatives towards precision medicine. The following chapters explore the clinical role of microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, focusing on mitochondrial fitness, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, and kidney transplantation. The subsequent chapters discuss the importance of microRNAs in the wound healing process and in skin disease, in the pathogenesis of allergy, in human ovulation, and in infection. The book concludes with chapters which outline the emerging role of microRNAS in doping and detail microRNA profiling. microRNA: Medical Evidence is an ideal companion to both microRNA: Basic Scienceand microRNA: Cancer. Taken together, these three books provide a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field, from the molecular level to clinical practice. It will be invaluable to medical students, physicians, and researchers, as a complete and unique guide in the exploration of microRNA in basic science, cancer and clinical practice.
Author | : Saura C. Sahu |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 537 |
Release | : 2013-08-23 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1118696034 |
During the past decade it has become evident that microRNAs regulate gene expressions and control many developmental and cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs play an important role in toxicogenomics and are likely to play an important role in a range of human diseases including cancer. microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine is a comprehensive and authoritative compilation of up-to-date developments in this emerging research area, presented by internationally recognized investigators. It focuses on the role of microRNA in biology and medicine with a special emphasis on toxicology. Divided into six parts, topics covered include: microRNA and toxicology – including environmental toxicants and perturbation of miRNA signaling; microRNA, and Disease States featuring microRNAs in drug-induced liver toxicity, microRNAs and Inflammation the regulatory role of microRNA in mutagenesis, microRNAs and cancer, and the role of microRNAs in tumor progression and therapy, as well as current understanding of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in cancer microRNAs and disease states microRNAs and stem cells microRNAs and genomics microRNAs and epigenomics microRNAs and biomarkers – including body fluid microRNAs as toxicological biomarkers, cell-free microRNAs as biomarkers in human diseases, and circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of drug-induced pancreatitis microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine is an essential insight into the current trends and future directions of research in this rapidly expanding field for investigators, toxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators in academia, medical settings, industry, and government.
Author | : Andrey Turchinovich |
Publisher | : Frontiers E-books |
Total Pages | : 115 |
Release | : 2014-07-28 |
Genre | : Blood |
ISBN | : 2889192423 |
Short non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in living cells. In recent years, miRNAs have been found in a wide spectrum of mammalian body fluids including blood plasma, saliva, urine, milk, seminal plasma, tears and amniotic fluid as extracellular circulating nuclease-resistant entities. The changes in miRNA spectra observed in certain fluids correlated with various pathological conditions suggesting that extracellular miRNAs can serve as informative biomarkers for certain diseases including cancer. However, the mechanism of generation and a biological role of extracellular miRNAs remain unclear. The current theories regarding extracellular miRNA origin and function suggest that these miRNAs can be either non-specific ‘by-products’ of cellular activity and cell death or specifically released cell-cell signaling messengers. The goal of this Research Topic is to bring together up-to-date knowledge about the extracellular miRNA and its role in disease diagnostics and, possibly, inter-cellular communication.
Author | : Ulf Schmitz |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 321 |
Release | : 2022-11-09 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 3031083563 |
This book provides an update on the latest development in the field of microRNAs in cancer research with an emphasis on translational research. Since the early 2000s, microRNAs have been recognized as important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression. Soon it became evident that their deregulation can cause human diseases including cancer. This book focuses on the emerging opportunities for the application of microRNA research in clinical practice. In this context, computer models are presented that can help to identify novel biomarkers, e.g. in circulating microRNAs, and tools that can help to design microRNA-based therapeutic interventions. Other chapters evaluate the role of microRNAs in immunotherapy, immune responses and drug resistance. Covering key topics on microRNAs in cancer research this book is a valuable resource for both emerging and established microRNA researchers who want to explore the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets or co-adjuvants in cancer therapies.
Author | : Carla E. M. Hollak |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 657 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0199972133 |
As clinical management of inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) has improved, more patients affected by these conditions are surviving into adulthood. This trend, coupled with the widespread recognition that IMDs can present differently and for the first time during adulthood, makes the need for a working knowledge of these diseases more important than ever. Inherited Metabolic Disease in Adults offers an authoritative clinical guide to the adult manifestations of these challenging and myriad conditions. These include both the classic pediatric-onset conditions and a number of new diseases that can manifest at any age. It is the first book to give a clear and concise overview of how this group of conditions affects adult patients, a that topic will become a growing imperative for physicians across primary and specialized care.
Author | : Nikiforos Ioannis Kapetanakis |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This doctorate thesis provides an insight into the biology and dynamics of circulating microRNAs, demonstrating their potential to become crucial biomarkers for a better surveillance and prognosis of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs, 19-25 nt long, with a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, repressing the translation of target mRNAs through partial base-pair complementarity with their 3'-UTR. They can be released in the extracellular medium, being protected from RNases by association with various transporters and reach body fluids and circulation, participating in intercellular communication. Their remarkable stability and manageable diversity in circulation, as well as the fact that they derive from both malignant and normal cells make them very attractive biomarker candidates, potentially reflecting tumor state and dynamics. We have been focusing on ovarian (OvCa) and nasopharyngeal (NPC) carcinomas, attempting to elucidate the relation between plasma miRNAs and the prognosis of OvCa after first-line treatment, as well as to evaluate their use in the detection of early response of NPC tumors to treatment. Serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most frequent ovarian and the most aggressive gynecologic malignancy. The absence of early symptoms and the insufficiency of modern means to accurately map residual disease and assess treatment outcome highlight the need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Using sequential plasma samples from OvCa patients before and after first-line treatment, we studied a pre-selection of miRNAs, comparing them to samples from benign pelvic lesions and healthy women. MiR-200b exhibited a distinct higher concentration in malignant samples before treatment compared to both non-cancerous groups. Pre- and post-treatment assessment of miR-200b in parallel with the standard biomarker CA125 revealed distinct variations and a significant correlation of miR-200b variation with the progression-free survival (PFS) of the patient. We suggest that miR-200b could eventually be used as a supplementary biomarker for estimation of the remission upon treatment completion. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) on the other hand is a tumor consistently associated to latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of the malignant cells, presenting a unique geographical incidence pattern. The deep position of the tumor makes it tough to access surgically, with biomarkers assessing different therapeutic approaches being greatly needed. Studying a new oral form of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine, proven to be promising for one third of NPC patients receiving it as a monodrug, we attempted to identify impact of the drug on the expression of viral miRNAs and proteins. Despite the latent viral infection, viral miRNAs are abundantly expressed, attracting interest in EBV-associated malignancies. Treating four in vivo developed NPC tumor models for two weeks, we observed clear response in two of them, in a dose-dependent manner. Protein analysis showed an induction of the immediate-early lytic protein BZLF1, solidifying previous evidence of partial activation of the viral lytic cycle by 5-azacytidine. MiRNA analysis confirmed robust expression of BART and absence of BHRF1 miRNAs at baseline status of NPC. Upon treatment, we observed an induction of BHRF1 miRNAs in both tumor and plasma of treated mice. This induction was successfully validated in a following one-week treatment and completed by a recorder de novo expression of the BHRF1 mRNA, transcribed within the BHRF1 miRNA loci. A weaker induction of BHRF1 miRNAs was also recorded after treatment with standard chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting a potential clinical utility of these miRNAs as circulating biomarkers for detection of early response to treatment. We are further working to confirm this induction by chemotherapy and extend our study to plasma samples derived from treated patients.