Now updated with a chapter-length afterword by the editors on the end of the Deng era and its aftermath, China in the 1990s provides a comprehensive survey of a nation in transition. An understanding of this complex process requires a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach, which the editors have achieved by bringing together experts from Britain, the United States, Europe, Australia, and Hong Kong who examine China's economic, political, military, cultural and social achievements and problems. The difficulties China still faces are enormous, some of them of its own making: pollution, urban sprawl, the insecurity of food supplies, the risks of political authoritarianism and the perils of liberalisation. Its population is still growing dramatically and is likely to be 1.5 billion by 2015, three times what it was when the P.R.C. was established in 1949. But since embarking on a reform programme which, at the time seemed experimental and hard to reconcile with official ideology, it has gone from being the 'sick man of Asia' to being one of the world's largest and fastest developing economies in what now looks to be a remarkably effective and well-managed transition.