Challenges Of Retrospective Methodology In Studying Small Case Series Of Rare And Very Rare Urological Events
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| Author | : Rabea Ahmed Gadelkareem |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Epidemiology |
| ISBN | : 9781529735116 |
Rare and very rare genitourinary diseases, including the rare clinical events resulting from unusual scenarios of well-known pathologies, are usually presented as case reports without the presence of global consensus or guidelines for diagnosis or management. However, the modern research has its configured methodology, where the most suitable epidemiological methods for studying of the rare diseases and events are the retrospective study designs. A lot of challenges can be encountered during dealing with these cases including difficult data collection, small sample sizes, inability to apply standardized diagnostic tools, changes of definitions, as well as the limited statistical analyses and low chances of research publication in reputational journals. However, there are still many strategies that could be applied to maximize the gain from presentation of these events. Relevant conjugation of these events under representative titles and introduction of a few methodological adjustments may alleviate many of challenges of retrospective epidemiological studying. The current method case represents the project "Experience of a Tertiary-Level Urology Center in the Clinical Urological Events of Rare and Very Rare Incidence" as a model through which most of these challenges and their counteracting strategies have been addressed.
| Author | : Lance Pagliaro |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 372 |
| Release | : 2016-06-28 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319300466 |
Rare Genitourinary Tumors offers the reader an up-to-date discussion of the less common neoplasms affecting the urinary tract and reproductive organs. Each authoritative chapter provides and in-depth discussion that is frequently not found in other urologic oncology textbooks. A valuable reference for urologists, oncologists, and those in specialty training, this volume provides ready access to information on etiology, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, insights from molecular pathology and, where applicable, data from clinical trials. The practical treatment guidelines included for each tumor type are written by experts and fully referenced.
| Author | : Steven G. Docimo |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 1477 |
| Release | : 2018-09-03 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 148223971X |
The sixth edition of The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology presents state-of-the-art knowledge and common-sense practice in all areas of clinical pediatric urology in a single, easily accessible volume. Clinical in orientation and practical in presentation, it covers every disorder and disease, diagnostic method, and appropriate treatment in pediatric urology from the embryo onwards. Widely acknowledged as the leading reference in the field, the book is essential reading for all practitioners who deal with urological disorders of childhood, whether trainees, residents or experienced specialists. The book begins with chapters on evaluating the patient and general principles of pediatric urology, including the use of advanced diagnostic imaging techniques and the increasing importance of minimally invasive surgical techniques. It then proceeds through the entire urinary tract from adrenal gland to external genitalia, discussing anatomy, normal and abnormal development, anomalies and diseases and their treatment.
| Author | : Wout Feitz |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 354 |
| Release | : 2024-02-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0323999352 |
Rare and Complex Urology combines information on clinical aspects, network developments and patient journeys in specific rare and complex urological diseases within the ERN (European Reference Network) template structure, allowing for better diagnosis, treatment and patient outcome. Each chapter contains an introduction on specific diseases with representative clinical images followed by a clinical view on treatment options (non-surgical and surgical) with clear schema and drawings; nurse specialist views on current care, patient views on the lifelong journey and expected development and research innovations for the future. Diseases covered include those of the bladder, stone and kidney diseases, malformations, pelvic floor disorders, the female urethra, reconstruction, surgery, cancers and rare tumors. This is a must have reference for basic scientists interested in engaging in translational urology and surgery and well as urologists seeking guidance on how to implement novel research. Provides a foundation for many rare urogenital diseases and complex conditions with contributions from high-volume centres monitored by ERN eUROGEN Combines in-depth research findings with clinical information to supply state-of-the-art care solutions for rare and complex aspects of urology Removes the uncertainty of managing rare and complex urogenital cases and variations in practice
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 424 |
| Release | : 2012-06-29 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309255716 |
In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
| Author | : Manuel Posada de la Paz |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 542 |
| Release | : 2012-11-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9789400733381 |
In our etiologic research, we epidemiologists need to leave behind the concepts of ‘cohort’ study and ‘case–control’ study and adopt that of the etiologic study as the singular substitute for these. With this sentence, the famous epidemiologist Professor Olli S. Miettinen began his personal re ection on the future of the epidemiology [1]. He sought to highlight the fact that the role of the epidemiologist should be mainly focused on aetiological research. Nevertheless, the widespread idea still exists that epidemiology is limited to purely providing gures and descriptive data on the frequency and distribution of disease. Indeed, it is more than likely that the precise aim of those rst classic epidemiological steps, i. e. , methods essentially based on describing the distri- tion of a given disease, is still not all that well understood by many scientists, let alone the general public. Such descriptions seek to generate hypotheses and afford explanations for key factors (be these risk factors or the presumable causes th- selves), which might justify differences in terms of persons, time or place and, in turn, ultimately serve to develop preventive measures and/or gain quality-adjusted life years. To restrict the goals of epidemiology to activities exclusively concerned with reporting gures or even complex statistical results is a great mistake, one that renders it dif cult to take full advantage of the epidemiologist’s true role, which is “to study disease determinants and to assess the actual impact of factors involved in their development, distribution and dissemination”.
| Author | : Mark Elwood |
| Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
| Total Pages | : 615 |
| Release | : 2007-02-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0191004944 |
This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments.
| Author | : Linda Cardozo |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 1446 |
| Release | : 2017-01-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 149879663X |
Featuring contributions by an international team of the world’s experts in urology and gynecology, this fourth edition reinforces its status as the classic comprehensive resource on female urology and urogynecology and an essential clinical reference in the field.
| Author | : Dr Sharmila Arun Babu |
| Publisher | : Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd. |
| Total Pages | : 1274 |
| Release | : 2021-11-01 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9390612861 |
The First South Asian Edition of Te Linde's Operative Gynecologyhas been thoroughly edited to suit the needs of students and practitioners in South Asian countries, keeping in mind the rapidly changing concepts in Operative gynecology. This globally acclaimed textbook guides the reader through the well-illustrated techniques of gynecological surgeries. Salient Features of the South Asian Edition Keeping the essence of the text, all the chapters have been updated and revised to adapt to local practices and conditions in South Asian countries Features like “Stepwise approach” to perform gynecologic operations and “Best surgical practices” that are important components of each chapter have been retained and updated, wherever necessary Data from recent trials, latest staging, and classifications of cancers have been included in oncology chapters Indian data pertaining to common gynecological conditions and cancers have been incorporated Medicolegal laws in India which have a bearing on day-to-day practice of Obstetrics and Gynecology have been included in relevant chapters In the chapter Tubal Sterilization, detailed preoperative evaluation, selection criteria, and statistics from Indian perspective have been incorporated; Government of India guidelines for postpartum sterilization are also included Recent advances in Robotic surgery in India and a note on Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy have been included Content has been thoroughly peer-reviewed by subject experts of national repute
| Author | : Kerm Henriksen |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 526 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
v. 1. Research findings -- v. 2. Concepts and methodology -- v. 3. Implementation issues -- v. 4. Programs, tools and products.
