This study represents an attempt to interpret the aim of 'learning to live together' as a synthesis of many related goals, such as education for peace, human rights, citizenship and health-preserving behaviours. It focuses specifically on the skills, values, attitudes and concepts needed for learning to live together, rather than on 'knowledge' objectives. On the basis of a review of the literature and an examination of a number of cases from post-conflict and transition settings, this study proposes what appears to work in terms of helping students learn to become politely assertive rather than violent, to understand conflict and its prevention, to become mediators, to respect human rights, to become active and responsible members of their communities - as local, national and global citizens - to have balanced relationships with others and neither to coerce others nor be coerced, especially into risky health behaviours. While the focus is mainly on schools, the approach advocated is also applicable to non-formal education for youth and adults.