Burden Sharing In Security Organizations
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Struggling for Security
| Author | : Tad Andrew Schnaufer (II) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2022 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Since the founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), US administrations have criticized their European allies for not meeting security burden-sharing goals. This study aims to gain insight into what factors motivate alliance members to contribute to the burden-sharing objectives they have agreed to achieve. From a US perspective, the need for its European allies to reach these goals will allow the United States to shift resources to more pressing strategic challenges like the rise of China. Informed by Mancur Olson’s theory of collective action and Glenn Snyder’s concept of the security dilemma in alliances, this project tests the hypothesis that the more a NATO ally’s foreign policy interests align with those of the United States, the less that ally will spend on defense as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study uses a mixed-methods approach. The primary metric measuring an ally’s contribution is the percentage of its GDP spent on defense. Furthermore, this study breaks NATO’s history into three geopolitical periods: the Cold War (1950 to 1990), the Post-Cold War (1991 to 2006), and the Resurgent period (2007 to 2019). The analysis yields robust support for the theory in periods lacking a major threat (i.e., the Post-Cold War). That means the more aligned an ally’s foreign policy preferences are with the United States, the less that ally spends on defense as a percentage of its GDP in such periods. The implications of these findings suggest that with the intensified threat of Russia made apparent with its attack on Ukraine in 2022, burden sharing in the NATO alliance will be less of a problem for the US in the immediate future. However, when this threat recedes, the burden-sharing issue will return, and the United States will have to send credible signals (like withdrawing troops from Europe) to its allies to cause them to question US protection and increase defense spending.
Sharing Security
| Author | : M. Chalmers |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2016-04-30 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0333977408 |
Sharing Security is a unique and comprehensive study of a key yet often neglected feature of modern international society. It begins by assessing how political theory can contribute to an understanding of international burdensharing. It then analyses in turn why some Western states contribute more than others to common defences, the European Union budget and overseas development aid. It highlights the particular burdensharing problems involved in global regimes, focusing on the UN's continuing financial crisis and the costs of combating global warming. It argues that today's burdensharing disparities continue to be shaped by the particular character of the international settlement at the end of the Second World War.
The Burdensharing Debate
| Author | : Simon Duke |
| Publisher | : Palgrave Macmillan |
| Total Pages | : 277 |
| Release | : 1993-01-01 |
| Genre | : Armed Forces |
| ISBN | : 9780312074951 |
Burdensharing is an attempt to reallocate defense expenditure within the framework of an alliance. This attempt has become known in NATO as the "burdensharing" debate. Much of the popularity of the burdensharing debate lies in its presentation of various statistics which, allegedly, proved that one partner (the United States) was assuming a disproportionate share of the common defense burden. This book does not aim to prove, or disprove, that one country carries an unfair burden but it does aim to examine critically the methodologies employed in the debate since the early 1950s. Important lessons for alliance management have been identified and these lessons are more often than not applicable to other geographical areas where the United States and her allies are involved. At a time of transition in Atlantic/European relations it is important that the lessons of the burdensharing debate are understood. Whatever revised, or new, security organization emerges as a result of the monumental changes in Europe and elsewhere, the question of who should pay, and how much, will return. The Burdensharing Debate: A Reassessment also provides an important contribution to the history of NATO and presents to the reader, in a clear and lucid fashion, the complexities of a highly divisive debate.
Enhancing Alliance Collective Security
| Author | : North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Defence Planning Committee |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 96 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
NATO 2030
| Author | : Jason Blessing |
| Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2021-11-30 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1947661116 |
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the world’s largest, most powerful military alliance. The Alliance has navigated and survived the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the post-9/11 era. Since the release of the 2010 Strategic Concept, NATO’s strategic environment has again undergone significant change. The need to adapt is clear. An opportunity to assess the Alliance’s achievements and future goals has now emerged with the Secretary General’s drive to create a new Strategic Concept for the next decade—an initiative dubbed NATO 2030. A necessary step for formulating a new strategic outlook will thus be understanding the future that faces NATO. To remain relevant and adjust to new circumstances, the Alliance must identify its main challenges and opportunities in the next ten years and beyond. This book contributes to critical conversations on NATO’s future vitality by examining the Alliance’s most salient issues and by offering recommendations to ensure its effectiveness moving forward. Written by a diverse, multigenerational group of policymakers and academics from across Europe and the United States, this book provides new insights about NATO’s changing threat landscape, its shifting internal dynamics, and the evolution of warfare. The volume’s authors tackle a wide range of issues, including the challenges of Russia and China, democratic backsliding, burden sharing, the extension of warfare to space and cyberspace, partnerships, and public opinion. With rigorous assessments of NATO’s challenges and opportunities, each chapter provides concrete recommendations for the Alliance to chart a path for the future. As such, this book is an indispensable resource for NATO’s strategic planners and security and defense experts more broadly.
Multinational Military Intervention
| Author | : Dr Peter K Forster |
| Publisher | : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 2013-03-28 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1409499685 |
War, as Clausewitz reminds, is the most uncertain of human political and social activities. It also imposes burdens. In an alliance among states for the promotion of collective defense or security, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), burdens have to be shared. This study looks at the experience of the United States and other member states of NATO in four situations of multinational military intervention - Lebanon, the Persian Gulf, the Balkans, and South Asia - and considers the implications of nuclear arms reductions and nonproliferation for the US and NATO. Each case study represents an important period in the distribution of power, interest, and values, amounting to more than a sequential consideration of incidents of military intervention and/or conflict prevention. These politico-military challenges include a major coalition war, a traditional peacekeeping operation, an exercise in peace enforcement, and a conflict that combines counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism with stability and security operations.
The European Security and Defense Policy
| Author | : Robert E. Hunter |
| Publisher | : Rand Corporation |
| Total Pages | : 207 |
| Release | : 2002-04-29 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0833032283 |
The emergence of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) in the last two-thirds of the 1990s and continuing into the new century, has been a complex process intertwining politics, economics, national cultures, and numerous institutions. This book provides an essential background for understanding how security issues as between NATO and the European Union are being posed for the early part of the 21st century, including the new circumstances following the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001. This study should be of interest to those interested in the evolution of U.S.-European relations, especially in, but not limited to, the security field; the development of institutional relationships; and key choices that lie ahead in regard to these critical arrangements.
NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020
| Author | : Frans Osinga |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 538 |
| Release | : 2020-12-03 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9462654190 |
This open access volume surveys the state of the field to examine whether a fifth wave of deterrence theory is emerging. Bringing together insights from world-leading experts from three continents, the volume identifies the most pressing strategic challenges, frames theoretical concepts, and describes new strategies. The use and utility of deterrence in today’s strategic environment is a topic of paramount concern to scholars, strategists and policymakers. Ours is a period of considerable strategic turbulence, which in recent years has featured a renewed emphasis on nuclear weapons used in defence postures across different theatres; a dramatic growth in the scale of military cyber capabilities and the frequency with which these are used; and rapid technological progress including the proliferation of long-range strike and unmanned systems. These military-strategic developments occur in a polarized international system, where cooperation between leading powers on arms control regimes is breaking down, states widely make use of hybrid conflict strategies, and the number of internationalized intrastate proxy conflicts has quintupled over the past two decades. Contemporary conflict actors exploit a wider gamut of coercive instruments, which they apply across a wider range of domains. The prevalence of multi-domain coercion across but also beyond traditional dimensions of armed conflict raises an important question: what does effective deterrence look like in the 21st century? Answering that question requires a re-appraisal of key theoretical concepts and dominant strategies of Western and non-Western actors in order to assess how they hold up in today’s world. Air Commodore Professor Dr. Frans Osinga is the Chair of the War Studies Department of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the Special Chair in War Studies at the University Leiden. Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda.
