Population Buildup and Vertical Spread of Dwarf Mistletoe on Young Red and White Firs in California

Population Buildup and Vertical Spread of Dwarf Mistletoe on Young Red and White Firs in California
Author: Robert F. Scharpf
Publisher:
Total Pages: 16
Release: 1976
Genre: Abies concolor
ISBN:

Rate of population buildup of dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium abietinum Engelm. ex Munz., was slow in most small red firs and white firs 12 to 15 years after inoculation with the parasite. Where population buildup did occur, it remained clustered in the lower portions of tree crowns near inoculation sites. Maximum distance of vertical spread was 16 feet (4.8 m), after 15 years. The mean annual rate of vertical spread of the parasite in 12 to 15 years was 3 inches (7 cm) or less in test trees. No vertical spread occurred in some trees. Rate of vertical spread was much slower in all trees than the mean annual height growth of vigorous young red or white firs. Therefore, the test trees were outgrowing the spread of dwarf mistletoe within tree crowns. Vertical spread rate and rate of tree height growth together determine the proportion of tree crown that will be infested at a given time after inoculation.

Military Build-up on Guam

Military Build-up on Guam
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Publisher:
Total Pages: 64
Release: 2008
Genre: History
ISBN:

Computational Methods in Reactor Shielding

Computational Methods in Reactor Shielding
Author: James Wood
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 450
Release: 2013-10-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1483148130

Computational Methods in Reactor Shielding deals with the mathematical processes involved in how to effectively control the dangerous effect of nuclear radiation. Reactor shielding is considered an important aspect in the operation of reactor systems to ensure the safety of personnel and others that can be directly or indirectly affected. Composed of seven chapters, the book discusses ionizing radiation and how it aids in the control and containment of radioactive substances that are considered harmful to all living things. The text also outlines the necessary radiation quantities and units that are needed for a systemic control of shielding and presents an examination of the main sources of nuclear radiation. A discussion of the gamma photon cross sections and an introduction to BMIX, a computer program used in illustrating a technique in identifying the gamma ray build-up factor for a reactor shield, are added. The selection also discusses various mathematical representations and areas of shielding theory that are being used in radiation shielding. The book is of great value to those involved in the development and implementation of systems to minimize and control the dangerous and lethal effect of radiation.