Budget Institutions in G-20 Countries - Country Evaluations

Budget Institutions in G-20 Countries - Country Evaluations
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2014-07-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498343562

The central government publishes comprehensive financial statements, which include the social security funds and balance sheets with all financial assets and liabilities. Audited financial statements are published more than nine months after the end of the fiscal year. The 2004 Fiscal Responsibility Law (LRF), introduced a number of key reforms in public financial management which apply to the central and most of the first layer of sub-national governments. The reforms include establishment of a macro-fiscal framework, fiscal rules, a medium-term budget framework (MTBF), a system of quarterly budget execution reports, and the Federal Council on Fiscal Responsibility (FCFR) which is tasked to enforce the provisions of the LRF However, there are problems with the LRF and its implementation: (i) the out-years of the MTBF are indicative only; (ii) several LRF provisions have been suspended or relaxed since 2009; (iii) some provinces are not complying with their obligations under the law; and (iv) membership in the FCFR is not mandatory and adherence to the LRF is voluntary. The FCFR comprises of representatives of the central government, the city of Buenos Aires,1 and 21 of the 23 provincial governments. Nonetheless, the law has significantly increased the capacity to coordinate fiscal policies across levels of government and individual jurisdictions. Differences between macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts and outturns are not analyzed. Limited information is presented on fiscal risks. Budget execution control and reporting have been strengthened through a series of upgrades to the Integrated Financial Management Information System (SIDIF), which began operations in 1993.

Budget Institutions in G-20 Countries - An Update

Budget Institutions in G-20 Countries - An Update
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 49
Release: 2014-07-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498343546

The recent crisis left many G-20 countries with significant fiscal consolidation needs. There is evidence that well-designed budget institutions can help countries to plan and deliver successful fiscal adjustments. A 2010 internal IMF study identified ten budget institutions which can support the consolidation process, assessed their strength in each G-20 country, and identified priorities for institutional reform. Following consultations with all G-20 countries and using a revised evaluation framework, this paper: (i) reports on progress in strengthening their budget institutions; (ii) analyzes their impact on post-crisis fiscal performance; and (iii) makes recommendations for further institutional reform

Budget Institutions in Low-Income Countries

Budget Institutions in Low-Income Countries
Author: Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 35
Release: 2014-09-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498310427

This paper presents twelve budget institutions that can support planning and delivery of credible fiscal strategies in the fiscal policy-making process. The resulting framework is applied to seven low-income countries and the status of their budget institutions compared to the G-20 advanced and emerging market economies. The paper then presents recommendations for designing and implementing appropriate fiscal strategy for low- income countries. Particular attention is paid to prioritization and sequencing of reform efforts.

Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management

Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management
Author: Mr.Jack Diamond
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 84
Release: 1999-07-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781557757876

Traditionally, economics training in public finances has focused more on tax than public expenditure issues, and within expenditure, more on policy considerations than the more mundane matters of public expenditure management. For many years, the IMF's Public Expenditure Management Division has answered specific questions raised by fiscal economists on such missions. Based on this experience, these guidelines arose from the need to provide a general overview of the principles and practices observed in three key aspects of public expenditure management: budget preparation, budget execution, and cash planning. For each aspect of public expenditure management, the guidelines identify separately the differing practices in four groups of countries - the francophone systems, the Commonwealth systems, Latin America, and those in the transition economies. Edited by Barry H. Potter and Jack Diamond, this publication is intended for a general fiscal, or a general budget, advisor interested in the macroeconomic dimension of public expenditure management.

Reallocation

Reallocation
Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 160
Release: 2005
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

This publication considers how reallocation of public expenditure is affected by the following four institutions of the budget process: medium-term expenditure frameworks, rules of budgetary discipline, the role of the Minister of Finance, and programme review. It examines the changing nature of central government expenditure and the use of reallocation to finance new spending issues, such as security needs, pensions and health, in 12 OECD countries including the UK, the United States, Canada, France, Germany and Spain; and develops a micro-economic classification of public expenditures.

Budget Institutions and Fiscal Performance in Low-Income Countries

Budget Institutions and Fiscal Performance in Low-Income Countries
Author: Victor Duarte Lledo
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 58
Release: 2010-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451982232

This paper presents, for the first time, multi-dimensional indices of the quality of budget institutions in low-income countries. The indices allow for benchmarking against the performance of middle-income countries, across regions, and according to different institutional arrangements that deliver good fiscal performance. Using the constructed indices, the paper provides preliminary empirical support for the hypotheses that strong budget institutions help improve fiscal balances and public external debt outcomes; and countries with stronger fiscal institutions have better scope to conduct countercyclical policies.

Financial sector taxation

Financial sector taxation
Author: [Anonymus AC08741538]
Publisher:
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN: 9789279187353

"The global economic and financial crisis has created important needs for fiscal consolidation. This document analyses potential instruments to raise additional tax revenues from the financial sector. The first section reviews the current policy objectives related to the taxation of the financial sector. The second section sheds some light on the current tax treatment of the financial sector. The third section discusses potential tax instruments to reach the goals. The fourth and fifth section respectively assess the advantages and drawbacks of a Financial Transaction Tax and a Financial Activities Tax."--Editor.

Gender Budgeting in G20 Countries

Gender Budgeting in G20 Countries
Author: Virginia Alonso-Albarran
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 72
Release: 2021-11-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1616354518

Achieving gender equality remains a significant challenge, that has only deepened with the on-set of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender budgeting (GB) can help promote gender equality by applying a gender perspective to fiscal policies and the budget process. This paper takes stock of GB practices in G20 countries and benchmarks country performance using a GB index and data gathered from an IMF survey. All G20 countries have enacted gender focused fiscal policies but the public financial management (PFM) tools to operationalize these policies are far less established. We find that notwithstanding heterogeneity across countries, the average G20 level of GB practice is relatively low. More progress has been made establishing GB frameworks and budget preparation tools than with budget execution, monitoring and auditing. Too few countries assess the upfront impact of policies on gender and/or evaluate ex-post the effectiveness of policies and programs. Where GB features are in place, they tend to operate as an ‘add-on’, rather than a strategic and integral part of resource allocation decisions. Progress with GB does not appear to be dependent on the level of country development. Key to future efforts will be harnessing opportunities for integrating GB tools into existing PFM systems and more closely linking GB initiatives with PFM reforms.

Global Leadership in Transition

Global Leadership in Transition
Author: Colin I. Bradford
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Total Pages: 369
Release: 2011
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0815721455

Offers steps to bring the G20 into even more relevance in becoming a leading force in the global economy, rivaling even that of the G8. Original.

Fiscal Politics

Fiscal Politics
Author: Vitor Gaspar
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 548
Release: 2017-04-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475589522

Two main themes of the book are that (1) politics can distort optimal fiscal policy through elections and through political fragmentation, and (2) rules and institutions can attenuate the negative effects of this dynamic. The book has three parts: part 1 (9 chapters) outlines the problems; part 2 (6 chapters) outlines how institutions and fiscal rules can offer solutions; and part 3 (4 chapters) discusses how multilevel governance frameworks can help.