Benchmarks Of Fairness
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| Author | : Norman Daniels |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780195102376 |
The American health system has been critiqued widely in recent years for its many flaws. A common complaint has been that our system is unfair, a concern that comes from providers as well as consumers and from both public and private sectors. This bookaims to develop a framework for measuring various health reform proposals and current trends in relation to underlying social values in the U.S. In so doing, it seeks to expose social values that are at stake in current and future changes. At the heart of this book is the question: If the current situation is perceived to be unfair, will the future improve or worsen our situation? Targeted primarily for policy makers in government and throughout the health sector, this book will also stimulate graduate students in the health and social sciences. A wide audience will find the book of interest in providing a different perspective as to how current trends and specific legislative and policy proposals stack up against the authors' ten benchmarks of fairness. The book makes very limited use of illustrations, although tables provide understandable summaries of the concepts and their application in scoring proposals and trends. References are ample and pertinent. This is a stimulating and provocative work that shifts our focus to the collective social values at stake in an evolving health system. The book argues that our current system is unfair both in comparison to our values and the approaches taken throughout the rest of the industrialized world. Its sobering message is that the gap between what we value and what we have will likely increase until we recognize what is at stake.
| Author | : Ian Foster |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 493 |
| Release | : 2016-08-10 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 1498751431 |
Both Traditional Students and Working Professionals Acquire the Skills to Analyze Social Problems. Big Data and Social Science: A Practical Guide to Methods and Tools shows how to apply data science to real-world problems in both research and the practice. The book provides practical guidance on combining methods and tools from computer science, statistics, and social science. This concrete approach is illustrated throughout using an important national problem, the quantitative study of innovation. The text draws on the expertise of prominent leaders in statistics, the social sciences, data science, and computer science to teach students how to use modern social science research principles as well as the best analytical and computational tools. It uses a real-world challenge to introduce how these tools are used to identify and capture appropriate data, apply data science models and tools to that data, and recognize and respond to data errors and limitations. For more information, including sample chapters and news, please visit the author's website.
| Author | : Aaron James |
| Publisher | : OUP USA |
| Total Pages | : 381 |
| Release | : 2012-04-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0199846154 |
In this book, the author argues that to achieve a fair global economy, there must be compensation of people harmed by their exposure to the global economy, but also equal division of the "gains of trade" across societies.
| Author | : Louise Derman-Sparks |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2020-04-07 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781938113574 |
Anti-bias education begins with you! Become a skilled anti-bias teacher with this practical guidance to confronting and eliminating barriers.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 431 |
| Release | : 2004-04-06 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0309084334 |
Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 132 |
| Release | : 2002-08-01 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 0309084539 |
In the United States, the nomenclature of adult education includes adult literacy, adult secondary education, and English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) services provided to undereducated and limited English proficient adults. Those receiving adult education services have diverse reasons for seeking additional education. With the passage of the WIA, the assessment of adult education students became mandatory-regardless of their reasons for seeking services. The law does allow the states and local programs flexibility in selecting the most appropriate assessment for the student. The purpose of the NRC's workshop was to explore issues related to efforts to measure learning gains in adult basic education programs, with a focus on performance-based assessments.
| Author | : Christopher J. L. Murray |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 919 |
| Release | : 2003-11-06 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 9241562455 |
The World Health Report 2000 has generated considerable media attention, controversy in some countries, and debate in academic journals. This volume brings together in one place the substance of many of these key debates and reports, methodological advances, and new empiricism reflecting the evolution of the WHO approach since the year 2000. Specifically, the volume presents many differing regional and technical perspectives on key issues, major new methodological developments, and a quantum increase in the empirical basis for cross-country performance assessment. It also gives the full report of the Scientific Peer Review Group's exhaustive assessment of these new approaches.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 267 |
| Release | : 2011-07-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309164257 |
Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.
| Author | : Thomas Pogge |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 383 |
| Release | : 2016-02-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 019103861X |
This book addresses sixteen different reform proposals that are urgently needed to correct the fault lines in the international tax system as it exists today, and which deprive both developing and developed countries of critical tax resources. It offers clear and concrete ideas on how the reforms can be achieved and why they are important for a more just and equitable global system to prevail. The key to reducing the tax gap and consequent human rights deficit in poor countries is global financial transparency. Such transparency is essential to curbing illicit financial flows that drain less developed countries of capital and tax revenues, and are an impediment to sustainable development. A major break-through for financial transparency is now within reach. The policy reforms outlined in this book not only advance tax justice but also protect human rights by curtailing illegal activity and making available more resources for development. While the reforms are realistic they require both political and an informed and engaged civil society that can put pressure on governments and policy makers to act.
| Author | : Rosamond Rhodes Ph.D |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 489 |
| Release | : 2002-08-29 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0199748969 |
Because medicine can preserve and restore health and function, it has been widely acknowledged as a basic good that a just society should provide its members. Yet there is wide disagreement over the scope of what is to be provided, to whom, how, when and why. In this uniquely comprehensive book some of the best-known philosophers, doctors, lawyers, political scientists, and economists writing on the subject discuss the concerns and deepen our understanding of the theoretical and practical issues that run through the contemporary debate. The first section lays a broad theoretical basis for understanding the concept of justice, particularly as it relates to the distribution of health care. The second section critically examines how medical care is distributed in different countries around the world and the particular advantages and injustices associated with those systems. The third section draws attention to the special needs of different social groups and the specific issues of justice that are raised by the impact of various policies on health care distribution. The concluding section delves intothe dilemmas that confront those designing health care systems--the politics, the priorities, and the place of desires as opposed to needs in a socially just scheme.
